Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Flow chart of the study. INSPIRES, Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for High-risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis; oxLDL, oxidised low-density lipoprotein.
- Figure 2
Kaplan-Meier curves of oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) for recurrent stroke within 90 d.
- Figure 3
Proportion of 90-day adverse outcome based on oxidised low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) tertile. COMB, 3-month combined vascular event; IS, ischaemic stroke.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients according to oxLDL level
Variables oxLDL T1
N=1936oxLDL T2
N=1936oxLDL T3
N=1942P value Age (IQR) 66 (58, 71) 65 (57, 71) 64 (56, 71) 0.001 Male, No. (%) 1326 (68.5) 1248 (64.5) 1148 (59.1) <0.001 BMI, median (IQR) (kg/m2) 24.2 (22.5, 26.2) 24.4 (22.6, 26.7) 24.8 (22.6, 26.7) <0.001 SBP, mm Hg-Median (IQR) 145 (131, 159) 146 (133, 160) 148 (134, 163) <0.001 DBP, mm Hg-Median (IQR) 84 (77, 92) 85 (78, 93) 86 (80, 95) <0.001 Medical history History of hypertensive 1328 (68.6) 1255 (64.8) 1312 (67.6) 0.0360 History of diabetes 493 (25.5) 495 (25.6) 594 (30.6) <0.001 History of dyslipidaemia 44 (2.3) 65 (3.4) 109 (5.6) <0.001 History of ischaemic stroke 678 (35.0) 550 (28.4) 503 (25.9) <0.001 History of TIA 31 (1.6) 40 (2.1) 23 (1.2) 0.0933 History of AMI 41 (2.1) 37 (1.9) 24 (1.2) 0.0912 Current smoking, No. (%) 572 (29.5) 558 (28.8) 570 (29.4) 0.8772 Lipid-lowering before events-No. (%) 266 (13.7) 172 (8.9) 123 (6.3) <0.001 Early statin 1021 (52.7) 958 (49.5) 929 (47.8) 0.0023 DAPT, No. (%) 956 (49.4) 976 (50.4) 970 (49.9) 0.7238 Qualifying event-No. (%) TIA 289 (14.9) 245 (12.7) 227 (11.7) Acute single ischaemic infarction 351 (18.1) 375 (19.4) 402 (20.7) Acute multiple ischaemic infarctions 1296 (66.9) 1316 (68.0) 1313 (67.6) 0.0885 Laboratory data, median (IQR) LDL, mmol/L 1.98 (1.64, 2.37) 2.54 (2.22, 2.93) 3.15 (2.72, 3.62) <0.001 HDL, mmol/L 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) 1.00 (0.86, 1.15) 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) <0.001 CHO, mmol/L 3.45 (2.99, 3.96) 4.12 (3.67, 4.65) 4.89 (4.29, 5.53) <0.001 TG, mmol/L 1.04 (0.79, 1.43) 1.26 (0.95, 1.70) 1.56 (1.17, 2.17) <0.001 APOA1, mmol/L 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) 1.11 (0.99, 1.26) 1.15 (1.02, 1.29) <0.001 APOB, mmol/L 0.62 (0.50, 0.75) 0.80 (0.69, 0.92) 0.98 (0.85, 1.16) <0.001 AMI, acute myocardial infarction; APOA1, apolipoprotein A-I; APOB, apolipoprotein B; BMI, bodymass index; CHO, cholesterol; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; oxLDL, oxidised low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
- Table 2
HRs (95% CIs) for outcomes according to oxLDL grading
Outcome oxLDL grading P value oxLDL T1 oxLDL T2 oxLDL T3 Stroke Events, n (%) 123 (6.35) 169 (8.73) 176 (9.06) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 64.1 88.3 93.1 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.39 (1.10, 1.75) 1.45 (1.15, 1.83) 0.0033 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.34 (1.05, 1.72) 1.39 (1.04, 1.85) 0.0405 Composite vascular event Events, n (%) 126 (6.51) 172 (8.88) 179 (9.22) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 65.6 89.9 93.1 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.38 (1.10, 1.74) 1.44 (1.15, 1.81) 0.0037 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.32 (1.04, 1.69) 1.36 (1.02, 1.81) 0.0556 Ischaemic stroke Events, n (%) 120 (6.20) 160 (8.26) 169 (8.70) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 62.5 83.6 87.9 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.35 (1.06, 1.71) 1.43 (1.13, 1.81) 0.0076 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.28 (0.99, 1.64) 1.31 (0.98, 1.76) 0.1197 Haemorrhagic stroke Events, n (%) 4 (0.21) 9 (0.46) 7 (0.36) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 2.1 4.7 3.6 Unadjusted HR Reference 2.25 (0.69, 7.31) 1.75 (0.51, 5.99) 0.4014 Adjusted HR* Reference 4.57 (1.27, 16.40) 6.46 (1.43, 29.12) 0.0368 Poor functional outcome (MRS 2–6) Events, n (%) 186 (9.61) 202 (10.44) 215 (11.08) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 96.9 105.6 111.9 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.10 (0.89, 1.35) 1.172 (0.95, 1.44) 0.3231 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.03 (0.82, 1.30) 1.001 (0.76, 1.31) 0.9490 TIA Events, n (%) 21 (1.08) 20 (1.03) 17 (0.88) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 10.9 10.5 8.8 Unadjusted HR Reference 0.95 (0.52, 1.76) 0.81 (0.43, 1.53) 0.7985 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.38 (0.71, 2.68) 1.43 (0.64, 3.21) 0.5845 Moderate-to-severe bleeding Events, n (%) 9 (0.46) 16 (0.83) 13 (0.67) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 4.7 8.4 6.8 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.78 (0.79, 4.03) 1.45 (0.62, 3.39) 0.3834 Adjusted HR* Reference 2.81 (1.16, 6.83) 3.61 (1.26, 10.34) 0.0387 Any bleeding Events, n (%) 38 (1.96) 53 (2.73) 55 (2.83) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 19.8 27.7 28.6 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.40 (0.92, 2.12) 1.45 (0.96, 2.20) 0.1659 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.47 (0.94, 2.29) 1.63 (0.97, 2.74) 0.1501 All-cause death Events, n (%) 16 (0.83) 23 (1.19) 20 (1.03) Incidence, per 1000 person-years 8.3 12.0 10.4 Unadjusted HR Reference 1.44 (0.76, 2.72) 1.25 (0.65, 2.42) 0.5362 Adjusted HR* Reference 1.34 (0.68, 2.64) 0.97 (0.42, 2.23) 0.5217 *Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, history of ischaemic stroke, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, application of agents before events, qualifying event, blood pressure and baseline LDL, HDL, CHO, TG, APOA1 and APOB levels.
BMI, body mass index; CHO, cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MRS, modified Rankin Scale; oxLDL, oxidised low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
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