Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Patient selection flow chart.
- Figure 2
Box plot showing the distribution of infarct volume (cm3) in both groups.
- Figure 3
Day of occurrence of malignant swelling in relation to symptom onset.
- Figure 4
Kaplan-Meier curve showing the cumulative probability of not developing malignant swelling in all patients.
Tables
- Table 1
Comparison of demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics between patients with space-occupying cerebellar infarct with and without malignant swelling
Total cohort (n=93) Malignant swelling (n=33) No malignant swelling
(n=60)OR 95% CI for OR P value* Adjusted P value† Demographic characteristics Age (years), mean (±SD) 67.8 (±12.2) 67.6 (±12.6) 67.9 (±12.1) 0.998 (0.964 to 1.033) 0.911 >0.999 Female, n (%) 33 (35.5 %) 12 (36.4 %) 21 (35.0%) 1.061 (0.438 to 2.573) 0.895 >0.999 Acute stroke severity index NIHSS on admission, median (range) 5 (0–38) 12 (1–38) 4 (0–36) 1.078 (1.034 to 1.124) <0.001 0.008 Cause of infarction according to TOAST criteria, n (%) Large-artery atherosclerosis 17 (18.3%) 7 (21.2%) 10 (16.7%) 1.346 (0.459 to 3.948) 0.588 >0.999 Cardioembolism 35 (37.6%) 14 (42.4%) 21 (35.0%) 1.368 (0.573 to 3.268) 0.480 >0.999 Small-vessel occlusion 0 0 0 Stroke of other determined aetiology 12 (12.9%) 2 (9.1%) 10 (16.7%) 0.567 (0.142 to 2.258) 0.421 >0.999 Stroke of undetermined aetiology 29 (31.2%) 9 (27.3%) 20 (33.3%) 0.750 (0.294 to 1.911) 0.547 >0.999 Imaging Infarct volume (cm3), mean (±SD) 48.4 (±16.1) 61.8 (±17.1) 41.0 (±9.5) 1.136 (1.078 to 1.196) <0.001 <0.001 Infarct volume ≥38 cm3, n (%) 62 (66.7%) 32 (97.0%) 30 (50.0%) 32.000 (4.104 to 249.489) <0.001 <0.001 Brainstem compression in baseline CT or MRI, n (%) 9 (9.7%) 5 (15.2%) 4 (6.7%) 2.500 (0.622 to 10.046) 0.197 >0.999 Vascular territory, n (%) PICA 60 (64.5%) 19 (57.6%) 41 (68.3%) 0.629 (0.261 to 1.515) 0.301 >0.999 SCA 11 (11.8%) 1 (3.0%) 10 (16.7%) 0.156 (0.019 to 1.280) 0.084 >0.999 AICA 0 0 0 Multiple different territories 22 (23.7%) 13 (39.4%) 9 (15.0%) 3.683 (1.362 to 9.961) 0.010 0.170 Side of the cerebellum 0.085 >0.999 Bilateral 24 (25.8%) 12 (36.4%) 12 (20.0%) 3.333 (1.117 to 9.946) 0.031 0.496 Left 30 (32.3%) 12 (36.4%) 18 (30.0%) 2.222 (0.783 to 6.308) 0.134 >0.999 Right 39 (41.9%) 9 (27.3%) 30 (50.0%) 1 Brainstem infarction 27 (29.0%) 17 (51.5%) 10 (16.7%) 5.312 (2.028 to 13.914) <0.001 0.013 Basilar artery occlusion 26 (28.0%) 13 (39.4%) 13 (21.7%) 2.350 (0.927 to 5.956) 0.072 >0.999 Therapy, n (%) Intravenous tPA 16 (17.2%) 7 (21.2%) 9 (15.0%) 1.526 (0.510 to 4.560) 0.450 >0.999 EVT 24 (25.8%) 11 (33.3%) 13 (21.7%) 1.808 (0.700 to 4.671) 0.222 >0.999 Failed revascularisation (TICI 0 to 2 a) 5 (5.4%) 5 (15.2%) 0 23.361 (0.949 to 575.075) 0.054‡ 0.810‡ *P value of the Wald statistic from the corresponding univariate logistic regression model with dependent variable malignant swelling (yes/no).
†P value of the Wald statistic from the corresponding univariate logistic regression model with dependent variable malignant swelling (yes/no), adjusted for multiple testing.
‡Logistic regression with Firth correction due to one category with frequency of zero.
AICA, Anterior inferior cerebellar artery; EVT, endovascular treatment; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PICA, Posterior inferior cerebellar artery; SCA, Superior cerebellar artery; TOAST, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator .
