Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Flow chart for study screening. CFD, computational fluid dynamics; ICAS, intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis; sICAS, symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
- Table 1
Study characteristics of the 19 primary studies included in this systematic review
Study Country Patient inclusion criteria Anterior/
posterior circulationNumber of cases Source images and CFD model setup Haemodynamic parameters in CFD model Correlations with anatomical characteristics of the sICAS lesions in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Nam et al 15 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 56 CTA-based generic steady model PR, SSR ratio, velocity ratio Liu et al 11 China 70%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 11 CTA-based patient-specific transient model PR Zhang et al 16 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 40 TOF-MRA-based generic transient model PR, WSSR Lan et al 13 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 39 CTA-based generic steady model rWSS measures Correlations with collateral and perfusion status in cross-sectional studies Leng et al 17 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 85 CTA-based generic steady model Pressure gradient Lan et al 18 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 83 CTA-based generic steady model PR Wang et al 19 China 30%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 18 Biplane DSA-based patient-specific steady model PR Raynald et al 12 China 50%–70% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 20 CTA-based patient-specific transient model Pressure, velocity Yin et al
10China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 10 CTA-based generic transient model PR Correlations with stroke mechanisms in cross-sectional studies Feng et al 21 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 99 CTA-based generic steady model PR, WSSR Li et al 22 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 84 CTA-based generic steady model PR Correlations with cerebral small vessel disease in cross-sectional study Zheng et al 24 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 112 CTA-based generic steady model PR, WSSR Correlations with the risk of stroke recurrence in medically treated patients with sICAS Leng et al 14 China 70%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 32 CTA-based generic steady model PR, SSR ratio, velocity ratio Leng et al 7 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 245 CTA-based generic steady model PR, WSSR Tian et al 25 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 245 CTA-based generic steady model PR, WSSR Feng et al 26 China 50%–99% sICAS Anterior and posterior circulations 157 CTA-based generic steady model PR Correlations with functional outcome in patients with sICAS receiving acute reperfusion therapy Wu et al 27 China Patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis or acute endovascular treatment with 50%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 120 TOF-MRA-based patient-specific steady model PR, WSSR Changes of the haemodynamic parameters in sICAS with stenting treatment Zhang et al 28 China 70%–99% sICAS Anterior circulation 51 3DRA-based generic transient model Pressure, velocity, vorticity, WSS Zhou et al 29 China 70%–99% sICAS Posterior circulation 62 3DRA-based generic transient model Pressure, velocity, vorticity, WSS CFD, computational fluid dynamics; CTA, CT angiography; 3DRA, three-dimensional rotational angiography; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; PR, pressure ratio; rWSS, relative wall shear stress; sICAS, symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis; SSR, shear strain rate; TOF-MRA, time-of-flight MR angiography; WSSR, wall shear stress ratio.
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary data
Supplementary data
Additional Files
Supplementary Data
This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.
