Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Flow diagram of the patient selection process.
- Figure 2
Comparison of outcomes between the endovascular and standard treatment groups. (A) Forest plot comparing in-hospital mortality and mRS score between the endovascular and standard treatment groups (X-axis is presented in log scale). (B) mRS score at the time of discharge. GLMM, generalised linear mixed model; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; PSM, propensity-score matching.
- Figure 3
Comparison of outcome among groups classified by disease severity. Severity is stratified using the prediction model, while treatment effects are estimated using the propensity score matching. X-axis is presented in log scale. mRS, modified Rankin Scale.
- Figure 4
Comparison of outcome among groups categorised by year of admission. Treatment effects are estimated using a generalised linear mixed model. X-axis is presented in log scale. mRS, modified Rankin Scale.
- Figure 5
(A) Comparison of outcome in the subpopulation of patients aged <50 years and patients aged ≥50 years. (B) Comparison of outcomes between male and female patients. Treatment effects are estimated using a generalised linear mixed model. X-axis is presented in log scale. mRS, modified Rankin Scale.
- Table 1
Patient characteristics
Standard treatment Endovascular treatment N 2659 242 Age, years (mean (SD)) 54.52 (18.47) 53.17 (18.33) Female sex (%) 1322 (49.7) 121 (50.0) Charlson Comorbidity Index (%) 0 482 (62.0) 78 (70.9) 1 135 (17.4) 13 (11.8) 2 62 (8.0) 6 (5.5) 3 45 (5.8) 5 (4.5) 4 30 (3.9) 6 (5.5) 5 19 (2.4) 2 (1.8) 6 5 (0.6) 0 (0.0) 7 2 (0.1) 0 (0.0) 8 1 (0.0) 0 (0.0) State of consciousness Alert (%) 1488 (56.0) 85 (35.1) Coma (%) 174 (6.5) 35 (14.5) Subarachnoid haemorrhage (%) 130 (4.9) 15 (6.2) Intracranial haemorrhage (%) 4 (0.2) 0 (0.0) Cerebral infarction (%) 8 (0.3) 2 (0.8) Acute renal failure (%) 13 (0.5) 1 (0.4) Heart failure (%) 66 (2.5) 4 (1.7) Use of warfarin (%) 1481 (55.7) 118 (48.8) Use of other anticoagulants (%) 528 (19.9) 72 (29.8) Use of antiepileptic drugs (%) 815 (30.7) 143 (59.1) Use of antihypertensive drugs (%) 607 (22.8) 154 (63.6) SD, standard deviation.
- Table 2
Patient characteristics after 1:1 propensity-score matching
Standard treatment Endovascular treatment SMD N 240 240 Age, years (mean (SD)) 53.88 (17.57) 53.27 (18.37) 0.034 Female sex (%) 123 (51.2) 120 (50.0) 0.025 Charlson Comorbidity Index (%) 0.187 0 76 (31.7) 71 (29.6) 1 73 (30.4) 80 (33.3) 2 51 (21.2) 53 (22.1) 3 24 (10.0) 26 (10.8) 4 10 (4.2) 7 (2.9) 5 3 (1.2) 3 (1.2) 6 3 (1.2) 0 (0.0) State of consciousness Alert (%) 84 (35.0) 85 (35.4) 0.009 Coma (%) 33 (13.8) 35 (14.6) 0.024 Subarachnoid haemorrhage (%) 24 (10.0) 15 (6.2) 0.138 Intracranial haemorrhage (%) 69 (28.7) 71 (29.6) 0.018 Cerebral infarction (%) 86 (35.8) 78 (32.5) 0.07 Acute renal failure (%) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) <0.001 Heart failure (%) 7 (2.9) 4 (1.7) 0.084 Use of warfarin (%) 122 (50.8) 118 (49.2) 0.033 Use of other anticoagulants (%) 72 (30.0) 70 (29.2) 0.018 Use of antiepileptic drugs (%) 136 (56.7) 141 (58.8) 0.042 Use of antihypertensive drugs (%) 153 (63.7) 152 (63.3) 0.009 SMD, standardised mean difference.
- Table 3
Patient characteristics after 1:3 propensity-score matching
Standard treatment Endovascular treatment SMD N 240 720 Age, years (mean (SD)) 53.88 (17.57) 53.68 (18.51) <0.001 Female sex (%) 123 (51.2) 368 (51.1) 0.018 Charlson Comorbidity Index (%) 0.156 0 76 (31.7) 223 (31.0) 1 72 (39.9) 236 (32.8) 2 51 (21.2) 158 (21.9) 3 24 (10.0) 75 (10.4) 4 10 (4.2) 20 (2.8) 5 3 (1.2) 6 (0.8) 6 3 (1.2) 2 (1.7) State of consciousness Alert (%) 84 (35.0) 268 (37.2) 0.019 Coma (%) 33 (13.8) 97 (13.5) 0.024 Subarachnoid haemorrhage (%) 24 (10.0) 81 (11.3) 0.012 Intracranial haemorrhage (%) 69 (28.7) 213 (29.6) 0.022 Cerebral infarction (%) 86 (35.8) 278 (38.6) 0.010 Acute renal failure (%) 1 (0.4) 3 (0.4) <0.001 Heart failure (%) 7 (2.9) 12 (1.7) 0.087 Use of warfarin (%) 122 (50.8) 355 (49.3) 0.059 Use of other anticoagulants (%) 72 (30.0) 207 (28.8) 0.013 Use of antiepileptic drugs (%) 136 (56.7) 400 (55.6) 0.006 Use of antihypertensive drugs (%) 153 (63.7) 436 (60.6) 0.006 SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardised mean difference.
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