Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Patient selection flow chart. Exclusions included lack of anticoagulation data, no follow-up MRI and anticoagulation commencement ≥21 days after symptom onset.
- Figure 2
Example of a patient with scattered left MCA territory ischaemic lesions on baseline DWI (A) and a new left MCA territory ischaemic lesion at 1 month (B). DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging.
- Figure 3
Example of a patient with no haemorrhage on baseline SWI (A) and new haemorrhagic transformation at 1 month (B). SWI, susceptibility-weighted imaging.
- Figure 4
Interaction of baseline ischaemic lesion volume and treatment time in predicting new haemorrhage rate at 1 month. There was a significant interaction seen in the early, but not late, anticoagulation group.
- Figure 5
Time points for anticoagulation commencement and new ischaemic lesion rate. Patients in time point 1 had anticoagulation commenced within 1 day, patients in time point time between 2 and 3 days, patients in time point 3 between 4 and 6 days and patients in time point 4, 7 days or later.
- Figure 6
Association between anticoagulation commencement time and new haemorrhage rate at 1 month. There was a higher risk of new haemorrhage observed with later anticoagulation commencement.
- Table 1
Baseline variables in included and excluded patients
Variable Excluded patients Included patients P value 68 208 – Age (mean±SD) 74.3±12.1 74.2±10.6 0.95 Sex (female) 38% (26) 38% (79) 0.93 Hypertension 51% (35) 64% (134) 0.05 Previous stroke 12% (8) 12% (25) 0.97 Previous TIA 6% (4) 9% (19) 0.40 Diabetes mellitus 16% (11) 19% (39) 0.64 Congestive cardiac failure 9% (6) 9% (19) 0.94 Ischaemic heart disease 15% (10) 20% (41) 0.43 Pre-existing AF 78% (53) 80% (167) 0.89 Therapeutic anticoagulation prior to admission 13% (7) 16% (26) 0.65 Thrombolysis 9% (6) 17% (35) 0.11 Endovascular thrombectomy 9% (6) 13% (27) 0.25 Median initial ischaemic lesion volume (IQR) 13 (3.8–29.3) 5 (2–17.3) 0.33 TIAs 9% (6) 6% (12) 0.29 Median admission NIHSS score (IQR) 3 (0–9) 5 (1–12) 0.34 Median premorbid mRS score (IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.76 AF, atrial fibrillation; mRS, modified Rankin Score; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
- Table 2
Baseline variables in early and late anticoagulation groups
Variable Early anticoagulation Late anticoagulation P value N 107 101 – Age (mean±SD) 74.2±10.7 74.3±10.5 0.40 Sex (female) 38% (41) 38% (38) 0.96 Hypertension 65% (70) 63% (64) 0.84 Previous stroke 13% (14) 11% (11) 0.73 Previous TIA 8% (8) 11% (11) 0.38 Diabetes mellitus 16% (17) 22% (22) 0.23 Congestive cardiac failure 8% (9) 10% (10) 0.64 Ischaemic heart disease 21% (22) 19% (19) 0.84 Pre-existing AF 82% (88) 78% (79) 0.65 Therapeutic anticoagulation prior to admission 22% (19) 9% (7) 0.02 Thrombolysis 16% (17) 18% (18) 0.64 Endovascular thrombectomy 15% (16) 11% (11) 0.64 TIAs 7% (7) 5% (5) 0.62 Median initial ischaemic lesion volume (mL) (IQR) 3.5 (1-10) 11 (3–26.5) 0.001 Median admission NIHSS score (IQR) 4 (1–8.5) 6 (2–13.5) 0.12 Median premorbid mRS score (IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0.11 AF, atrial fibrillation; mRS, modified Rankin Score; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
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