Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Event rates of intracranial haemorrhage across per 0.5 mmol/L of LDL-C. LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
- Figure 2
ORs and 95% CIs of intracranial haemorrhage according to different low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (0–4; 5–15; 16–20; 21–42; missing NIHSS); medical history (hypertension; diabetes mellitus); history of anticoagulation; dual antiplatelet therapy; systolic blood pressure (per 20 mm Hg); fasting glucose; intravenous thrombolytic therapy; body mass index, kg/m2 (<18.5, 18.5–25, 25–30, ≥30). LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
- Figure 3
Sensitivity analysis. Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake; medical history (hypertension; diabetes mellitus); history of anticoagulation; dual antiplatelet therapy; systolic blood pressure (per 20 mm Hg); fasting glucose; intravenous thrombolytic therapy; body mass index, kg/m2 (<18.5, 18.5–25, 25–30, ≥30). LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IS, ischaemic stroke.
- Table 1
Characteristics of patients who had an IS at baseline grouped by LDL-C levels
Variable LDL-C categories P value 1.80–2.59 (Reference) <1.40 1.40–1.79 2.60–2.99 3.00–4.89 ≥4.90 N 249 333 50 991 67 587 129 870 270 793 29 886 – Age, years 66.60 (±12.01) 67.38 (±12.23) 67.48 (±12.07) 65.99 (±11.89) 65.30 (±11.84) 65.20 (±12.02) Women (%) 85 778 (34.40%) 16 889 (33.12%) 22 133 (32.75%) 47 631 (36.68%) 112 794 (41.65%) 13 435 (44.95%) <0.01 NIHSS 3 (2.6) 3 (2.7) 3 (2.6) 3 (2.6) 3 (2.6) 4 (2.8) <0.01 Current Smoking, n (%) 60 647 (24.32%) 10 668 (20.92%) 15 322 (22.67%) 32 772 (25.23%) 65 923 (24.11%) 5500 (18.40%) <0.01 Alcohol intake, % 59 613 (23.91%) 11 745 (23.03%) 15 922 (23.56%) 31 268 (24.08%) 62 197 (22.97%) 6529 (21.85%) <0.01 Hypertension, % 158 739 (63.67%) 33 117 (64.95%) 44 174 (65.36%) 83 492 (64.29%) 176 779 (65.28%) 18 670 (62.47%) <0.01 Diabetes mellitus, % 50 629 (20.31%) 12 628 (24.77%) 15 261 (22.58%) 26 347 (20.29%) 59 802 (22.08%) 7171 (23.99%) <0.01 Dislipidemia, % 15 600 (6.26%) 3709 (7.27%) 4753 (7.03%) 8304 (6.39%) 25 550 (9.44%) 3897 (13.04%) <0.01 Previous atrial fib/flutter, % 14 923 (5.99%) 4371 (8.57%) 5449 (8.06%) 6031 (4.64%) 10 086 (3.72%) 1137 (3.80%) <0.01 Dual antiplatelet therapy, % 97 860 (39.25%) 17 697 (34.71%) 25 393 (37.57%) 53 069 (40.86%) 109 214 (40.33%) 9658 (32.32%) <0.01 Intravenous thrombolytic therapy, % 15 135 (6.07%) 3099 (6.08%) 3861 (5.71%) 8134 (6.26%) 16 494 (6.09%) 1452 (4.86%) <0.01 SBP, mm Hg 148.76 (±22.55) 144.93 (±22.59) 146.56 (±22.24) 150.73 (±22.84) 152.52 (±23.22) 151.28 (±24.14) <0.01 Body mass index, kg/m2 23.70 (±3.18) 23.55 (±3.17) 23.58 (±3.17) 23.87 (±3.19) 24.04 (±3.24) 24.01 (±3.64) <0.01 LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
- Table 2
Subgroup analyses
Reference 1.80–2.59 <1.40 1.40–1.79 2.60–2.99 3.00–4.89 ≥4.90 P interaction (1) Age Cases/population, event rate (%) 1445/103 217, 1.40 365/19 540, 1.87 450/25 925, 1.74 678/56 717, 1.20 1413/125 079, 1.13 169/13 789, 1.23 0.20 <65 years, OR (95% CI) 1 1.21 (1.08 to 1.36) 1.21 (1.09 to 1.35) 0.87 (0.79 to 0.95) 0.81 (0.75 to 0.87) 0.74 (0.63 to 0.87) Cases/population, event rate (%) 2586/146 116, 1.77 765/31 451, 2.43 912/41 662, 2.19 1200/73 153, 1.64 2160/145 714, 1.48 206/16 097, 1.28 ≥65 years OR (95% CI) 1 1.28 (1.18 to 1.39) 1.22 (1.13 to 1.32) 0.95 (0.88 to 1.02) 0.85 (0.80 to 0.90) 0.64 (0.56 to 0.74) (2) Sex Cases/population, event rate (%) 2548/163 555, 1.56 736/34 102, 2.16 883/45 454, 1.94 1126/82 239, 1.37 1980/157 999, 1.25 215/16 451, 1.31 0.70 Men, OR (95% CI) 1 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) 1.21 (1.12 to 1.31) 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96) 0.82 (0.77 to 0.87) 0.72 (0.63 to 0.83) Cases/population, event rate (%) 1483/85 778, 1.73 394/16 889, 2.33 479/22 133, 2.16 752/47 631, 1.58 1593/112 794, 1.41 160/13 435, 1.19 Women, OR (95% CI) 1 1.25 (1.11 to 1.40) 1.23 (1.11 to 1.37) 0.94 (0.86 to 1.03) 0.85 (0.78 to 0.91) 0.64 (0.54 to 0.75) (3) Body mass index Cases/population, event rate (%) 2977/176 545, 1.69 833/36 815, 2.26 1036/48 736, 2.13 1334/89 252, 1.49 2456/181 432, 1.35 262/20 396, 1.28 0.40 <25 kg/m2, OR (95% CI) 1 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) 1.23 (1.15 to 1.33) 0.91 (0.85 to 0.97) 0.82 (0.77 to 0.86) 0.67 (0.59 to 0.76) Cases/population, event rate (%) 1054/72 788, 1.45 297/14 176, 2.10 326/18 851, 1.73 544/40 618, 1.34 1117/89 361, 1.25 113/9490, 1.19 ≥25 kg/m2, OR (95% CI) 1 1.34 (1.17 to 1.52) 1.17 (1.03 to 1.32) 0.93 (0.84 to 1.04) 0.86 (0.79 to 0.94) 0.72 (0.59 to 0.87) (4) Thrombolysis treatment Cases/population, event rate (%) 675/15 139 160/3099 177/3861 284/8134 541/16 494 46/1452 0.04 With thrombolysis treatment, OR (95% CI) 1 1.01 (0.84 to 1.21) 0.96 (0.81 to 1.14) 0.81 (0.70 to 0.94) 0.79 (0.70 to 0.89) 0.63 (0.46 to 0.85) Cases/population, event rate (%) 3356/234 198 970/47 892 1185/63 726 1594/121 736 3032/254 299 329/28 434 Without thrombolysis treatment, OR (95% CI) 1 1.30 (1.21 to 1.40) 1.26 (1.18 to 1.35) 0.94 (0.88 to 0.99) 0.84 (0.80 to 0.88) 0.69 (0.62 to 0.78) Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (0–4; 5–15; 16–20; 21–42; missing data of NIHSS); medical history (hypertension; diabetes mellitus); history of anticoagulation; dual antiplatelet therapy; systolic blood pressure (per 20 mm Hg); fasting glucose; intravenous thrombolytic therapy; body mass index, kg/m2 (<18.5, 18.5–25, 25–30, ≥30).
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