Article Figures & Data
- Figure 1
Restricted cubic splines (RCS) for analysis of relationships between HDL-C (A), LDL-C (B), HDL-C/LDL-C (C) and different adverse events. (C) was adjusted for age, TDI, gender, race, smoking history, education level, alcohol use, BMI, BG, SBP, DBP and TG; (B) was adjusted for C+HDL C; a was adjusted for C+LDL. BG, blood glucose; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TDI, Townsend Deprivation Index; TG, triglycerides.
- Figure 2
HRs estimation for all-cause mortality (A), MI (B), ischaemic stroke (C) and haemorrhagic stroke (D) among different HDL-C/LDL-C groups by Cox proportional risk model. *Variables used for adjustment included TDI, age, gender, race, smoking history, alcohol use, education level, BMI, BG, SBP, DBP and TG. BG, blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; MV, multivariable; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TDI, Townsend Deprivation Index; TG, triglycerides.
- Figure 3
Joint correlation between CHD-GRS and HDL-C/LDL-C for myocardial infarction risk analysed using Cox proportional risk model. The multivariable model was adjusted for TDI, age, gender, race, smoking history, alcohol use, education level, BMI, BG, SBP, DBP and TG. BG, blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; CHD-GRS, coronary heart disease Genetic Risk Score; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TDI, Townsend Deprivation Index; TG, triglycerides.
- Table 1
Comparison of the basic characteristics between the survival group (n=361 031) and non-survival group (n=23 062)
Characteristics Survivors group Non-Survivors group P value Age, (median, IQR), years 57 (50–63) 63 (58–66) <0.001 TDI (median, IQR) −2.2 (−3.7 to 0.4) −1.8 (−3.4 to 1.3) <0.001 Gender (n, %) <0.001 Female 200 172 (55.4) 9752 (42.3) Male 160 859 (44.6) 13 310 (57.7) Race (n, %) <0.001 White 326 335 (90.8) 21 222 (92.6) Mixed 13 315 (3.7) 842 (3.7) Other 19 713 (5.5) 859 (3.7) Education (n, %) <0.001 College/university 119 466 (33.5) 5573 (24.6) Other 237 482 (66.5) 17 107 (75.4) Smoking history (n, %) <0.001 Never 202 036 (56.2) 9105 (39.8) Previous 121 866 (33.9) 9451 (41.3) Current 35 437 (9.9) 4306 (18.8) Alcohol use (n, %) <0.001 Never 15 614 (4.3) 1122 (4.9) Previous 11 897 (3.3) 1430 (6.2) Current 332 675 (92.4) 20 434 (88.9) Myocardial infarction (n, %) <0.001 No 355 889 (98.6) 21 472 (93.1) Yes 5142 (1.4) 1590 (6.9) Ischaemic stroke (n, %) <0.001 No 358 968 (99.4) 22 161 (96.1) Yes 2063 (0.6) 901 (3.9) Haemorrhagic stroke (n, %) <0.001 No 360 499 (99.9) 22 568 (97.9) Yes 532 (0.1) 494 (2.1) BMI (median, IQR), kg/m2 26.6 (24.1–29.8) 27.4 (24.6–30.9) <0.001 DBP (median, IQR), mm Hg 82 (75–89) 83 (75–90) <0.001 SBP (median, IQR), mm Hg 138 (126–152) 144 (130–158) <0.001 BG (median, IQR), mmol/L 4.9 (4.6–5.3) 5 (4.7–5.5) <0.001 HDL-C (median, IQR), mmol/L 1.4 (1.2–1.7) 1.3 (1.1–1.6) <0.001 TG (median, IQR), mmol/L 1.5 (1–2.1) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) <0.001 LDL-C (median, IQR), mmol/L 3.5 (3–4.1) 3.4 (2.8–4.1) 0.202 BG, blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TDI, Townsend Deprivation Index; TG, triglyceride.
- Table 2
HRs estimation for myocardial infarction, all-cause mortality and haemorrhagic and ischaemic stroke among different HDL-C/LDL-C groups by subgroup analyses of age-disaggregated and gender-disaggregated analyses
Subgroup N 0.4–0.6 <0.4 >0.6 Re HR (95% CI) P value HR (95% CI) P value Gender (model 1) Female All-cause mortality 9752 Re 0.99 (0.94 to 1.04) 0.586 1.15 (1.09 to 1.22) <0.001 MI 1948 Re 1.41 (1.26 to 1.57) <0.001 1.12 (0.96 to 1.30) 0.144 Ischaemic stroke 1178 Re 0.98 (0.86 to 1.13) 0.822 1.02 (0.85 to 1.22) 0.822 Haemorrhagic stroke 537 Re 1.11 (0.90 to 1.36) 0.324 1.25 (0.97 to 1.59) 0.079 Male All-cause mortality 13 310 Re 0.96 (0.92 to 1.00) <0.05 1.29 (1.21 to 1.37) <0.001 MI 4784 Re 1.31 (1.22 to 1.40) <0.001 0.89 (0.77 to 1.01) 0.077 Ischaemic stroke 1786 Re 1.2 (1.07 to 1.34) <0.01 1.11 (0.96 to 1.21) 0.075 Haemorrhagic stroke 489 Re 0.87 (0.71 to 1.08) 0.219 1.32 (0.96 to 1.81) <0.05 Age (model 2) <60 (years) All-cause mortality 6876 Re 0.94 (0.89 to 1.00) <0.05 1.23 (1.13 to 1.33) <0.001 MI 2444 Re 1.66 (1.49 to 1.85) <0.001 0.96 (0.79 to 1.16) 0.657 Ischaemic stroke 867 Re 1.14 (0.96 to 1.34) 0.127 1.12 (0.87 to 1.45) 0.362 Haemorrhagic stroke 390 Re 1.04 (0.81 to 1.33) 0.774 1.42 (1.03 to 1.94) <0.05 ≥60 (years) All-cause mortality 16 186 Re 0.98 (0.95 to 1.02) 0.382 1.19 (1.14 to 1.26) <0.001 MI 4288 Re 1.24 (1.16 to 1.33) <0.001 0.97 (0.86 to 1.08) 0.555 Ischaemic stroke 2097 Re 1.11 (1.00 to 1.22) <0.05 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) 0.256 Haemorrhagic stroke 636 Re 0.97 (0.81 to 1.17) 0.782 1.15 (0.9 to 1.48) 0.264 HRs were estimated by Cox proportional risk model. Model 1 was adjusted for age, TDI, race, smoking history, education level, alcohol use, BMI, BG, SBP, DBP and TG; model 2 was the same as model 1 with the addition of adjustment for gender.
BG, blood glucose; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; Re, reference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TDI, Townsend Deprivation Index; TG, triglycerides.
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary data
Additional Files
Supplementary Data
This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.
