Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Illustration of (A) cerebral vasospasm and its endovascular treatment with angioplasty using a (B) non-compliant or a (C) compliant (with hypothetical ‘dog-bone’ phenomenon) balloon.
- Figure 2
Angiogram before (A) and after (B) TBA with a CB in connection with severe CVS in the distal ICA as well as within the proximal segments of the MCA and ACA. Mild arterial narrowing in the catheter angiography and TOF MRA, 6 months later (C). ACA, anterior cerebral artery; CB, compliant balloons; CVS, cerebral vasospasm; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; TBA, transluminal balloon angioplasty; TOF MRA, time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography.
- Figure 3
Angiogram before (A) and after (B) TBA with a CB in connection with severe CVS in the distal ICA as well as the proximal segments of the MCA and ACA. No arterial narrowing is visible in the TOF MRA 11 months later (C). ACA, anterior cerebral artery; CB, compliant balloon; CVS, cerebral vasospasm; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; TBA; transluminal balloon angioplasty; TOF MRA, time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography.
Tables
- Table 1
Patient data, clinical characteristics, endovascular rescue therapy and outcome
Patient number Clinical characteristics Endovascular rescue therapy Outcome Age Gender WFNS grade Fisher scale Aneurysm localisation Aneurysm obliteration Localisation of TBA Intra-arterial nimodipine Balloon type (NCB, CB) Complications CVS-associated infarction In-hpospital mortality mRS after 3 months 1 51 f 2 3 BA Coiling MCA + NCB 2.0×9 mm Gateway (Boston Scientific) – – – 4 2 33 f 4 4 ICA Coiling ICA+ACA+MCA + CB 4.0×10 mm HyperGlide (Medtronic) – – – 2 3 35 m 2 4 SCA Coiling ICA + NCB 2.5×20 mm Ryujin Plus (Terumo) – – – 3 4 65 f 3 3 MCA Coiling MCA + CB 4.0×7 mm TransForm (Stryker) – + – 4 5 46 m 5 3 MCA Coiling/stent-assisted MCA + CB 4.0×7 mm TransForm (Stryker) – + – 4 6 39 f 1 3 ACA Coiling ICA+ACA+MCA+VAS + CB 4.0×15 mm X-Pedion HyperGlide (Medtronic),
NCB 2.5×9 mm Maverick (Boston Scientific)– – – 2 7 33 m 1 3 Angiogram-negative – ICA+MCA + CB 4.0×7 mm X-Pedion HyperForm (Medtronic) – – – 0 8 30 f 1 2 BA Coiling/stent-assisted ACA – CB 4.0×10 mm X-Pedion HyperGlide (Medtronic) – – – 2 9 78 f 5 4 PCOM Coiling/stent-assisted MCA – CB 4.0×7 mm TransForm (Stryker) – + + 6 10 38 f 1 3 ICA Coiling ACA+MCA + CB 4.0×10 mm TransForm (Stryker) – – – 1 11 52 f 4 4 ICA Coiling/stent-assisted ACA+MCA + CB 4.0×10 mm TransForm (Stryker) – – – 4 12 25 f 1 3 MCA WEB-Device MCA + CB 4.0×10 mm TransForm (Stryker) – – – 1 ACA, anterior cerebral artery; BA, basilar artery; CB, compliant balloon; CVS, cerebral vasospasm; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin scale; NCB, non-compliant balloon; PCOM, posterior communicating artery; SCA, superior cerebellar artery; TBA, transluminal balloon angioplasty; WFNS, World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies.
- Table 2
Data on endovascular rescue therapy and radiological follow-up
Compliant
balloonNon-compliant
balloonP-value No. of treated vessel segments 23 7 Localisation 0.194 ICA 3 (0.13) 3 (0.43) ACA 7 (0.30) 0 (0.00) MCA 11 (0.48) 3 (0.43) VAS 2 (0.09) 1 (0.14) Median radiological follow-up (range)
(in months)11 (5–26) 10 (7–28) 0.701 Imaging modalities 0.532 Catheter angiography 18 (0.78) 5 (0.71) TOF MRA 5 (0.22) 2 (0.29) Arterial narrowing in radiological follow-up 0.677 Mild 3 (0.13) 1 (0.14) Moderate or severe 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) ACA, anterior cerebral artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; MCA, middle cerebral artery; TOF MRA, time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography; VAS, vertebrobasilar arterial system.
