Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Main criticisms of ARUBA summarised by trial phase. ARUBA, A Randomized trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations; AVM, arteriovenous malformation.
Tables
- Table 1
Summary of ARUBA and studies evaluating outcome in ARUBA-eligible patients
Authors, year Patients
(% LG*)Intervention Design Mean follow-up Stroke/death (%) mRS ≥2 (%) ARUBA Mohr et al, 201410 223 (61)
114 Int
109 ObsMS (4%)
EE (26%)
Radiosurgery (27%)
MS+EE (11%)Prospective, multicentre 2.8 years 30.7
10.146.2
15.1Microsurgery Javadpour et al, 201647 34 (71) MS (77%)
MS+EE (23%)Retrospective, single centre 5.8 years (median) 0.0 6.0 (at 6 months) Schramm et al, 201735 104 (61) MS Retrospective, single centre 5.3 years 7.7† 10.4 Wong et al, 201736 155 (76) MS (72%)
MS+EE (25%)Retrospective, single centre 3.0 years – 4.5‡ Radiosurgery Pollock et al, 201339 174 (49) GKRS (96%)
GKRS+MS (4%)Retrospective, single centre 5.3 years (median) 10.3 9.2 Ding et al, 201640 509 (46) GKRS Retrospective, multicentre 7.2 years 13.0§ – Karlsson et al, 201838 1351 GKRS Retrospective, multicentre 6.5 years 9.8¶ – Tonetti et al, 201842 233 (44) GKRS Retrospective, single centre 8.4 years 14.0 – Endovascular embolization Singfer et al, 201743 61 (51) EE onyx (41%)
EE+Linac (57%)Retrospective, single centre 5.0 years (median) 19.7 23.0 Multi-modal therapy Rutledge et al, 201423 74 (49)
61 Int
13 ObsMS (33%)
MS+EE (38%)
GKRS (25%)Retrospective, single centre 2.4 years
7.7
14.8
7.7
13.8Nerva et al, 201544 61 (51) MS (5%)
MS+EE (46%)
GKRS (38%)Retrospective, single centre 2.1 years 16.0† 13.0 Lang et al, 201845 105 (44) MS (13%)
MS+EE (27%)
GKRS (49%)Retrospective, single centre 3.6 years 7.6 – *Spetzler-Martin grade I or II.
†Permanent new significant deficit.
‡Permanent new disabling deficit (mRS ≥3).
§Adverse neurological outcome: symptomatic radiation changes, permanent neurological morbidity, seizure or death.
¶Haemorrhage or any symptomatic complication causing permanent morbidity or mortality.
ARUBA, A Randomized trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations; EE, endovascular embolisation; GKRS, gamma-knife radiosurgery; Int, intervention; LG, low grade; Linac, linear accelerator; mRS, modified Rankin scale; MS, microsurgery; Obs, observation; RadioTx, radiotherapy.
