Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Flow chart of enrollment in this study. WMH, white matter hyperintensity.
- Figure 2
Illustration of reference sites of dWMH. The degrees of the dilatation and number of PVS within a spherical area with a radius of 1 cm around dWMH and the anatomically corresponding reference area in the contralateral hemisphere were evaluated in axil plane (A), coronal plane (B) and sagittal plane (C and D). dWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; PVS, perivascular space.
- Figure 3
The reference template used for the grading of PVS. From above to below, each template illustrates different extents of the dilatation of PVS. A single location was revealed in three directions (from left to right: axial, coronal, sagittal) in each row. PVS, perivascular space.
- Figure 4
Illustration of spatial connections between WMH and PVS. (A) Type 1, small punctate WMH (yellow arrow) was spatially connected with one PVS tube. (B) Type 2, flake-like WMH (yellow arrow) was connected with multiple tubes. (C) Type 3, insular WMH (yellow arrow) without PVS connection. PVS, perivascular space; WMH, white matter hyperintensity.
- Figure 5
Comparison of CSO-PVS scores among subjects without, with ≤5 and with >5 WMLs. *indicates p<0.05. The results are showed as means±SEM. CSO-PVS, centrum semiovale-perivascular space; WMLs, white matter lesions.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with WMHs and controls without WMHs
Category Patients with WMHs Controls (n=16)
P value≤5 WMLs (n=16) >5 WMLs (n=16) Age (mean±SD, year) 44.06±6.13 44.00±6.89 42.75±6.26 0.81 Female, n (%) 7 (43.8) 6 (37.5) 6 (37.5) 0.917 Current smoker, n (%) 3 (18.8) 3 (18.8) 2 (12.5) 1 Alcohol user, n (%) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3) 3 (18.8) 0.304 Hypertension, n (%) 1 (6.3) 3 (18.8) 2 (12.5) 0.859 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (6.3) 1 Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) 2 (12.5) 5 (31.3) 3 (18.8) 0.556 Lacunes, n(%) 0 (0.0) 3 (18.6) 0 (0.0) 0.097 CMBs, n(%) 1 (6.3) 1 (6.3) 0 (0.0) 1 CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; WML, white matter lesion.
- Table 2
The degree of PVS dilatation in NAWM surrounding dWMH and reference site
N(%)Reference site
Total0 1 2 dWMH 0 0 (0.0%) 2 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 2 1 3 (3.2%) 85 (91.4%) 5 (5.4%) 93 2 3 (4.5%) 39 (59.1%) 24 (36.4%) 66 3 0 (0.0%) 1 (33.3%) 2 (66.7%) 3 total 6 127 31 164 dWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; NAWM, normal-appearing white matter; PVS, perivascular space.
- Table 3
The degree of PVS number in NAWM surrounding dWMH and reference site
N (%)Reference site
Total0 1 2 3 4 5 dWMH 0 0 (0.0%) 2 (100%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 2 1 5 (8.9%) 48 (85.7%) 3 (5.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 56 2 1 (1.4%) 40 (55.6%) 27 (37.5%) 4 (5.6%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 72 3 0 (0.0%) 7 (30.4%) 14 (60.9%) 2 (8.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 23 4 0 (0.0%) 2 (25.0%) 2 (25.0%) 4 (50.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 8 5 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (33.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1 (33.3%) 1 (33.3%) 3 Total 6 99 47 10 1 1 164 dWMH, deep white matter hyperintensity; NAWM, normal-appearing white matter; PVS, perivascular space.
