Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Flow chart for the selection of cases and controls based on a propensity score-matched cohort study of the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data. TGA, transient global amnesia.
- Figure 2
Standardised differences in variables included in the propensity score. Black lozenges indicate the entire study population (140 478 participants). Black dots indicate the propensity score-matched participants (20 493 participants). A-Fib, atrial fibrillation; DM, diabetes mellitus; d/o, disorder; MI, myocardial infarction.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the TGA cases versus age-matched and sex-matched extraction group and absolute standardised differences after propensity score matching
Clinical values TGA case
(n=10 461)Age-matched and sex-matched extraction group
(n=140 486)Absolute standardised difference Before PS matching After 1:2 PS matching
(TGA, n=10 448)
(control, n=20 442)Age (years) 60.5±12.6 60.7±12.4 0.018 0.032 Female sex 7067 (67.6) 93 117 (66.3) 0.027 0.013 Stroke risk factors Hypertension 5161 (49.3) 53 017 (37.7) 0.236* 0.018 DM 3772 (36.1) 29 933 (21.3) 0.331* 0.025 Hyperlipidaemia 5815 (55.6) 32 462 (23.1) 0.705* 0.014 Cardiac disease A-Fib 263 (2.5) 1727 (1.2) 0.095 0.009 MI 262 (2.5) 1536 (1.1) 0.106* 0.016 Depressive d/o 396 (3.8) 1655 (1.2) 0.168* 0.051 Anxiety d/o 3858 (36.9) 18 217 (13.0) 0.575* 0.045 Seizure/epilepsy 73 (0.7) 528 (0.4) 0.044 0.005 Migraine 1908 (18.2) 8397 (6.0) 0.382* 0.069 Antithrombotic user 8383 (80.1) 67 108 (47.8) 0.716* 0.009 Results are expressed as number (%) or mean±SD. Antithrombotics include antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.
*Absolute standardised difference ≥0.1.
A-Fib, atrial fibrillation; DM, diabetes mellitus; d/o, disorder; MI, myocardial infarction; PS, propensity score; TGA, transient global amnesia.
- Table 2
Multivariable analysis of outcomes among TGA participants versus propensity score-matched control participants
Variables Crude HR (95% CI) P value Adjusted HR (95% CI)* P value Ischaemic stroke 0.916 (0.846 to 0.992) 0.032 1.194 (1.043 to 1.368) 0.010 Haemorrhagic stroke SAH 0.993 (0.720 to 1.370) 0.967 1.104 (0.665 to 1.832) 0.702 ICH 0.943 (0.764 to 1.163) 0.581 0.845 (0.606 to 1.177) 0.319 SDH 1.684 (1.172 to 2.421) 0.005 1.849 (0.997 to 3.430) 0.051 All-type stroke 0.945 (0.878 to 1.018) 0.140 1.197 (1.056 to 1.357) 0.005 Total number of propensity score-matched participants, n=150 947 (10 461 patients with TGA and 140 486 control participants). Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to examine the diagnoses of TGA and all-type stroke including ICH, SDH, SAH and ischaemic stroke.
*Adjusted for enrolment year.
ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage; SDH, subdural haematoma; TGA, transient global amnesia.
- Table 3
Multivariable Cox regression analysis for ischaemic stroke and all types of stroke among TGA participants
Clinical values Ischaemic stroke All-type stroke Crude HR P value Adjusted HR* P value Crude HR P value Adjusted HR* P value Hypertension 0.381 (0.319 to 0.455) <0.001 1.545 (1.266 to 1.885) <0.001 0.415 (0.353 to 0.478) <0.001 1.446 (1.206 to 1.732) <0.001 DM 0.514 (0.438 to 0.603) <0.001 1.321 (1.116 to 1.565) 0.001 0.549 (0.473 to 0.637) <0.001 1.252 (1.070 to 1.464) 0.005 Hyperlipidaemia 0.757 (0.642 to 0.892) <0.001 0.994 (0.790 to 1.128) 0.527 0.756 (0.649 to 0.880) <0.001 0.963 (0.817 to 1.135) 0.654 A-Fib 0.370 (0.265 to 0.517) <0.001 1.564 (1.106 to 2.213) 0.011 0.376 (0.275 to 0.515) <0.001 1.600 (1.156 to 2.215) 0.004 MI 0.667 (0.435 to 1.022) 0.063 0.881 (0.569 to 1.365) 0.571 0.681 (0.456 to 1.018) 0.061 0.890 (0.591 to 1.340) 0.575 Depressive d/o 0.690 (0.480 to 0.990) 0.044 1.234 (0.852 to 1.789) 0.266 0.711 (0.505 to 1.000) 0.050 1.206 (0.851 to 1.709) 0.292 Anxiety d/o 0.822 (0.698 to 0.967) 0.018 0.999 (0.843 to 1.184) 0.991 0.805 (0.693 to 0.936) 0.005 1.039 (0.887 to 1.216) 0.639 Seizure/epilepsy 0.724 (0.329 to 1.595) 0.423 1.433 (0.656 to 3.130) 0.367 0.615 (0.306 to 1.236) 0.172 1.687 (0.858 to 3.315) 0.129 Migraine 0.861 (0.705 to 1.051) 0.142 1.102 (0.899 to 1.352) 0.350 0.900 (0.746 to 1.086) 0.273 1.049 (0.866 to 1.270) 0.628 Antithrombotic user 2.215 (1.703 to 2.881) <0.001 1.048 (0.789 to 1.393) 0.745 2.194 (1.721 to 2.796) <0.001 1.108 (0.853 to 1.438) 0.443 *Adjusted for age, sex and all other comorbidities.
A-fib, atrial fibrillation; DM, diabetes mellitus; d/o, disorder; MI, myocardial infarction; TGA, transient global amnesia.
