Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Flow diagram for the enrolment process of the potentially eligible patients in the China National Stroke Registry. TIA, transient ischaemic attacks.
- Figure 2
(A) Long-term use of antihypertensive and (B) other secondary prevention treatments since onset, by stroke types.
- Figure 3
Event rates since onset of (A) recurrent stroke, (B) mortality and (C) major vascular event (MVE), by stroke types.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of China National Stroke Registry patients by stroke type
Total
(n=14 244)IS
(n=9787)ICH
(n=3828)SAH
(n=629)Age (years; %) <45 11.1 8.7 15.5 21.8 46–55 20.3 18.3 23.8 29.7 56–65 24.6 24.6 24.7 25.1 66–75 26.0 28.1 22.2 16.5 >75 18.0 20.4 13.8 6.8 Mean (SD) 62.5 (13.3) 64.0 (13.0) 59.9 (13.6) 55.9 (12.8) Gender (%) Male 60.6 61.2 61.7 43.1 Education (%) Elementary or below 45.3 44.8 47.1 42.9 Middle school 27.1 26.3 28.5 30.5 High school or above 27.6 28.9 24.4 26.6 Health insurance (%) 76.4 78.1 72.9 70.9 Smoking (%) Never 60.1 59.3 60.5 69.2 Ex 10.3 10.6 10.5 5.2 Current 29.6 30.1 29.0 25.6 Alcohol (%) Never 66.1 66.7 63.5 72.4 Ex 3.0 3.4 2.3 0.8 Current 31.0 30.0 34.3 26.8 BMI (kg/m2)* (%) <18.5 3.7 3.3 4.7 4.3 18.6–24.9 51.1 50.6 52.2 52.2 25.0–29.9 28.1 29.2 26.4 22.3 ≥30 4.8 4.8 4.9 3.8 Unknown 12.3 12.2 11.8 17.5 Prior disease history (%) Hypertension 57.9 57.2 62.7 39.9 Diabetes mellitus 14.8 18.3 7.3 6.7 Hyperlipidaemia 7.3 8.3 5.2 4.8 TIA 1.5 2.1 0.4 0.5 Cardiovascular diseases 14.3 17.8 6.9 5.1 Hospital rank (%) Tier III 77.2 77.8 74.3 83.6 Tier II 22.8 22.2 25.7 16.4 Medication before admission (%) Antithrombotics 8.6 10.2 5.1 5.3 Antihypertensive medicines 38.1 39.6 36.9 23.2 Diabetes medicines 11.0 13.9 4.6 4.1 Lipid-lowing medicines 1.4 1.8 0.6 0.6 *Measured or self-reported.
BMI, body mass index; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IS, ischaemic stroke; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage; TIA, transient ischaemic attacks.
- Table 2
Presenting characteristics, examination and acute treatment at admission by stroke type
Total IS ICH SAH (n=14 244) (n=9787) (n=3828) (n=629) NIHSS (%) 0–3 35.7 38.3 23.9 67.7 4–7 23.9 27.7 16.9 6.7 8–14 19.8 18.7 25.2 4.0 15–21 8.3 6.8 13.3 2.4 ≥22 7.2 4.1 14.9 8.1 Unknown 5.2 4.6 5.8 11.1 Median (25th–75th) * 5 (2–10) 4 (2–9) 9 (3–16) 0 (0–2) GCS (%) 3–5 2.9 1.2 6.8 4.5 6–10 9.2 6.8 15.5 7.8 11–15 86.6 90.5 76.5 87.0 Blood pressure (mm Hg) Mean SBP (SD) 154.4 (26.2) 151.0 (24.3) 164.3 (28.1) 146.3 (26.3) Mean DBP (SD) 90.1 (15.7) 87.9 (14.1) 96.3 (17.7) 86.4 (15.0) Hours since symptom onset (%) ≤3 21.7 16.6 34.3 24.9 ~6 14.4 12.0 19.9 17.5 ~12 12.8 13.0 12.2 12.8 >12 51.3 58.4 33.7 44.8 Transport by Ambulance (%) 23.0 18.5 32.8 33.4 First neuroimaging test (%) CT 92.4 89.3 98.7 98.5 MR 7.6 10.7 1.3 1.5 r-tPA given (%) ─ 1.3 ─ ─ *Unknown data were excluded.
DBP, diastolic blood pressure; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IS, ischaemic stroke; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; r-tPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage; SBD, systolic blood pressure.
- Table 3
Patterns of in-hospital investigation, procedures and medications by stroke type
Total* IS ICH SAH (n=13 270) (n=9292) (n=3424) (n=554) Type of ward admitted (%) Stroke unit 20.3 21.1 18.7 19.1 Neurosurgery ward 2.1 0.5 4.0 16.1 ICU 9.2 5.5 17.7 19.1 General medicine 68.5 73.0 59.8 45.7 Length of stay among survivors (days; %) ≤3 3.3 3.0 3.6 7.2 4–14 41.5 47.3 26.9 28.5 15–28 42.4 40.1 48.9 42.3 >29 12.0 9.0 19.5 18.2 Unknown 0.9 0.6 1.1 3.8 Mean (SD) 17.8 (11.7) 16.6 (11.2) 20.8 (12.4) 19.1 (11.6) Specific investigation (%) 24 hours BP monitor 20.3 16.2 28.5 36.6 Holter monitor 22.9 18.5 31.3 43.3 Digital subtraction angiography 5.6 4.1 2.6 47.5 Cervical ultrasound 32.0 43.2 6.6 1.6 Transcranial Doppler 23.6 31.2 5.3 8.5 Cervical CTA/MRA 5.5 7.2 1.2 3.1 Cerebral CTA/MRA 24.2 29.8 9.3 23.3 Surgery/procedure given (%) Carotid endarterectomy – 0.1 – – Stenting/angioplasty – 0.5 – – Craniotomy 1.4 0.3 3.2 10.1 Coiling – – – 15.9 Medication (%) Any antiplatelet – 88.4 – – Anticoagulants – 24.2 – – Antihypertensive medicines 47.9 43.0 62.0 43.9 Statins 34.1 45.7 7.4 5.1 Dehydrant medicines 47.3 28.1 92.0 92.1 Neuroprotective 67.6 69.7 63.3 58.7 Traditional Chinese medicine 59.7 70.6 36.3 20.4 *Restricted to patients admitted to hospital ward.
BP, blood pressure; CTA, CT angiography; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; ICU, intensive care unit; IS, ischaemic stroke; MRA, magnetic resonance angiogram; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage.
- Table 4
Proportion of patients with major outcomes in hospital by stroke type
Total* IS ICH SAH Outcome (n=13 368) (n=9314) (n=3497) (n=557) Mortality (%) 5.1 3.2 9.3 10.1 Recurrent stroke (%) 2.6 2.6 1.9 7.2 Myocardial infarction (%) 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.8 MVE†(%) 8.0 6.1 11.6 17.2 Other outcomes (%) Deep vein thrombosis 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.4 Pneumonia 11.0 9.4 16.1 8.4 Gastrointestinal bleeding 2.2 1.6 3.9 1.2 Online supplementary appendix file: the China National Stroke Registry investigators.
*Restricted to patients hospitalised, including those died at emergency department.
†Major vascular event (MVE) is defined as any death, recurrent stroke or myocardial infarction.
ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IS, ischaemic stroke; SAH, subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Supplementary data
