Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Distribution of variables at time of index stroke admission, stratified by race
Black patients White patients Standardised mean difference score Total 99 728 705 453 – Age >75 years 51 226 (51.4) 476 158 (67.5) −0.333 Male 42 864 (43.0) 320 471 (45.4) 0.2984 Smoking history 33 382 (33.5) 244 456 (34.7) −0.0249 Diabetes 50 331 (50.5) 239 688 (34.0) 0.3387 Hypertension 54 273 (54.4) 419 691 (59.5) −0.1026 Hyperlipidaemia 56 923 (57.1) 416 702 (59.1) −0.0403 Atrial fibrillation/flutter 22 785 (22.9) 251 014 (35.6) −0.2828 Congestive heart failure 22 289 (22.4) 127 343 (18.1) 0.1072 Chronic kidney disease 39 023 (39.1) 184 867 (26.2) 0.2782 Charlson Comorbidity Index score, mean (SD) 4.92 (2.19) 4.29 (2.12) 0.2885 National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, mean (SD) 7.9 (7.8) N=30 928 7.1 (7.6) N=2 31 151 P<0.0001 - Table 2
Distributions of variables at the hospital level, stratified by quartile of percentage of black acute ischaemic stroke patients treated at the hospital
Hospital characteristic Quartile of percentage of black acute ischaemic stroke patients treated at hospital (range) 1st quartile (0) 2nd quartile
(0.01%–3.6%)3rd quartile
(3.61%–13.0%)4th quartile
(13.01%+)P value Number of hospitals 964 694 830 830 – Urban, frequency (%) 96 (10.0) 259 (37.3) 419 (50.5) 474 (57.1) <0.0001 Teaching, frequency (%) 64 (6.6) 280 (40.4) 368 (44.3) 415 (50.0) <0.0001 Stroke certified, frequency (%) 115 (11.9) 298 (42.9) 337 (40.6) 297 (35.8) <0.0001 Neurologist at the hospital, frequency (%) 122 (12.7) 482 (69.5) 557 (67.1) 509 (61.4) <0.0001 ICU at the hospital, frequency (%) 637 (66.1) 687 (99.0) 791 (95.3) 782 (94.2) <0.0001 Multidimensional Deprivation Index, mean (SD) 0.123 (0.062) 0.126 (0.058) 0.145 (0.068) 0.189 (0.090) <0.0001 Acute ischaemic stroke cases during study period, mean (SD) 51 (70) 295 (244) 295 (310) 253 (281) <0.0001 Stroke certification of the hospital was assigned as certified versus not certified based on the Joint Commission and Det Norske Veritas certification programmes. Multidimensional Deprivation Index estimates poverty with data from the United States Census American Community Survey and accounts for standard of living, education, health, economic security, housing quality and neighbourhood quality (range 0–1, with higher values denoting higher deprivation). In this table, only hospitals with at least 11 acute ischaemic stroke admissions during the study period were included.
ICU, intensive care unit.
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