Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Global cognitive z-score in different atrophy groups stratified by CeVD burden severity. Values are mean (SE). No atrophy, defined by the absence of significant atrophy (CA and MTA); CA, defined by the presence of significant CA and the absence of MTA; CA+MTA, defined by the presence of significant CA and MTA. CA, cortical atrophy; CeVD, cerebrovascular disease; MTA, medial temporal atrophy.
Tables
- Table 1
Characteristics of the study population
No atrophy
(n=471)CA
(n=265)CA+MTA
(n=83)P value Age, mean±SD 67.7±5.5 72.2±6.1 74.9±6.5 <0.001 Education 0.019 ≤6 years, n (%) 278 (59.0) 177 (66.8) 60 (72.3) Gender <0.001 Female, n (%) 274 (58.2) 127 (47.9) 25 (30.1) Race 0.045 Chinese, n (%) 157 (33.3) 85 (32.1) 34 (41.0) Malay, n (%) 155 (32.9) 84 (31.7) 34 (41.0) Indian, n (%) 159 (33.8) 96 (36.2) 15 (18.1) Hypertension, n (%) 354 (75.2) 229 (86.4) 76 (91.6) <0.001 Hyperlipidemia, n (%) 356 (75.6) 198 (74.7) 61 (73.5) NS Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 154 (32.7) 113 (42.6) 37 (44.6) 0.009 History of stroke, n (%) 10 (2.1) 22 (8.3) 10 (12.0) <0.001 Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) 26 (5.5) 26 (9.8) 8 (9.6) NS Smoking history, n (%) 108 (22.9) 78 (29.4) 35 (42.2) 0.001 CI status, n (%) <0.001 NCI 175 (37.2) 68 (25.6) 10 (12.0) CIND mild 171 (36.3) 85 (32.1) 19 (22.9) CIND moderate 125 (26.5) 112 (42.3) 54 (65.1) CA+MTA, cortical atrophy and medial temporal atrophy; CI, cognitive impairment; CIND, cognitive impairment-no dementia; NCI, no cognitive impairment; NS, not significant.
- Table 2
Domain-specific cognitive z-scores in no atrophy, CA and CA+MTA groups in different CeVD groups
Groups Cognitive scores None-mild CeVD Moderate-severe CeVD P
(for trend)No atrophy (n=362) CA (n=133) CA+MTA (n=25) No atrophy (n=109) CA (n=132) CA+MTA (n=58) Executive function 0.27
(0.18, 0.36)0.23
(0.10, 0.37)−0.21
(−0.53,0.11)0.19
(0.03, 0.34)*0.07
(−0.10, 0.23)†−0.33
(−0.64,–0.02)*†0.002 Attention 0.28
(0.19, 0.36)0.22
(0.08, 0.36)−0.04
(−0.37, 0.28)0.16
(0.01, 0.32)−0.20
(−0.37,–0.03)−0.35
(−0.66,–0.04)0.001 Language 0.28
(0.19, 0.36)0.22
(0.08, 0.36)−0.04
(−0.37, 0.28)0.16
(0.01, 0.32)−0.20
(−0.37,–0.04)−0.35
(−0.66,–0.04)<0.001 Verbal memory 0.35
(0.26, 0.44)0.23
(0.09, 0.38)−0.19
(−0.52, 0.14)0.08
(−0.08, 0.24)0.01
(−0.16, 0.18)−0.25
(−0.56,0.07)<0.001 Visual memory 0.33
(0.25, 0.41)0.27
(0.14, 0.40)−0.23
(−0.53, 0.07)0.19
(0.04, 0.33)*−0.12
(−0.27, 0.03)−0.39
(−0.67,–0.11)*<0.001 Visuoconstruction 0.30
(0.21, 0.38)0.24
(0.10, 0.38)−0.30
(−0.63, 0.02)0.09
(−0.06, 0.25)0.04
(−0.12, 0.21)−0.09
(−0.39, 0.22)0.002 Visuomotor speed 0.31
(0.23, 0.39)0.18
(0.05, 0.30)−0.29
(−0.57, 0.003)0.11
(−0.03, 0.24)*0.09
(−0.05, 0.24)†−0.22
(−0.49, 0.06)†<0.001 Values are adjusted means (95% CI). CeVD, Cerebrovascular Disease. The model controlled for age, education, gender and cognitive impairment status.
*Significant difference between no atrophy and CA+MTA groups.
†Significant difference between CA and CA+MTA groups.
Supplementary data
