Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Representative patient with recurrent stroke. A male aged 52 years with left M2 segment severe stenosis shows inadequate collateral within MCA territory on DSA and is assessed as ASITN/SIR grade 1. Slow and only a few inflows can be seen on CBF map from 1.5 to 2.5 s. Hypoperfusion is still observed on 2.5 s CBF map. Hypoperfusion volume ratio is measured as 63%. HRVWI shows that a plaque affects the anterior and inferior arterial wall and has focal moderate contrast enhancement. The patient had experienced a recurrent stroke in the subsequent 6 months. ASL, arterial spin labelling; CBF, cerebral blood flow; HRVWI, high-resolution vessel wall imaging; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PLD, postlabelling delay.
- Figure 2
Representative patient without recurrent stroke. A male patient aged 51 years with left M1 segment severe stenosis shows slow and complete collateral compensation within MCA territory on DSA and is assessed as ASITN/SIR grade 3. Obvious slow inflow can be seen on CBF map from 1.5 to 2.5 s, and therefore only a very small hypoperfusion volume can be observed on 2.5 s CBF map. Hypoperfusion volume ratio is measured as 10%. HRVWI shows a plaque affects the anterior and inferior arterial wall and has heterogeneous moderate contrast enhancement. ASL, arterial spin labelling; CBF, cerebral blood flow; HRVWI, high-resolution vessel wall imaging; MCA, middle cerebral artery; PLD, postlabelling delay.
Tables
- Table 1
Baseline characteristics of patients with different outcome
Patients with a recurrent stroke Patients without a recurrent stroke P value No., n 7 36 Age, years 44.71±14.56 47.72±11.80 0.527 Male, n (%) 5 (71.43%) 23 (63.89%) 1.000* Time from symptom onset, days 23.00±13.49 35.86±21.54 0.443 Stroke as quantifying event, n 7 (100%) 25 (69.44%) 0.060 Hypoperfusion volume 1.5 s, mL 67.67±52.22 48.41±41.42 0.2920 Hypoperfusion volume 2.5 s, mL 47.91±56.76 12.54±23.78 0.0027 HVR, % 53.17±29.82 16.9±15.57 0.0002 HVR severity, n (%) 0.008* 0%–50% 3 (42.86%) 33 (91.67%) ≥50% (severe HVR) 4 (57.14%) 3 (8.33%) Plaque assessment Plaque enhancement, n (%) 0.292 Grade 0 1 (14.29%) 5 (13.39%) Grade 1 1 (14.29%) 16 (44.44%) Grade 2 5 (71.42%) 15 (41.67%) Plaque areas, mm2 6.40±2.85 4.95±3.13 0.344 Remodelling index 1.01±0.23 0.96±0.30 0.519 Plaque burden, % 57.79±11.83 55.66±14.15 0.427 Plaque length, mm 9.43±2.51 8.61±3.23 0.429 Risk factors Hypertension, n (%) 3 (42.86%) 28 (77.78%) 0.081* Diabetes, n (%) 0 (0%) 10 (27.78%) 0.172* Coronary artery disease, n (%) 0 (0%) 3 (8.33%) 1.000* Hyperlipidemia, n (%) 7 (100%) 29 (80.56%) 0.577* Smoking, n (%) 5 (71.43%) 12 (33.33%) 0.093* Obesity, n (%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1.000* *Fisher’s exact test.
HVR, hypoperfusion volume ratio.
