Intravenous tirofiban therapy for patients with capsular warning syndrome

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Table 3

Demographics, risk factors, clinical history, treatments and outcomes in non-tirofiban group

Patients	Sex/age (y)	Risk factors	Evidence of AP by CTA	NE before treatment	Duration of the episodes	Maximum NIHSS	Treatments	Fluctuation after treatments	NIHSSs at 24 hours	3 months mRS	Site of IL on MRI
1	F/66	Hy, DM	+	3	20 m	15	rt-PA, LMWHs, hydration	+	12	1	LSA-L
2	M/31	Hy, Dy, CS, CD	−	3	5–60 m	13	rt-PA, aspirin (100 mg), clopidogrel (300 mg), LMWHs, hydration	+	1	0	AChA-L
3	M/55	Hy, Dy	+	4	5–10 m	11	Aspirin (100 mg), clopidogrel (300 mg), LMWHs, vasopressors	−	0	0	/
4	M/76	Hy, DM	+	3	5–180 m	7	Aspirin (100 mg), LMWHs, hydration	+	7	1	PP-R
5	M/47	Hy, Dy, CS, CD	−	4	30 m	9	Aspirin (100 mg), LMWHs,	+	8	1	AChA-L
6	F/55	Dy	+	3	1–10 m	2	Clopidogrel (300 mg), LMWHs, hydration	−	1	0	DWI (-)
7	M/59	Dy, CS, CD	−	4	60 m	10	Aspirin (100 mg), clopidogrel (300 mg), hydration	+	10	4	AChA-L
8	M/57	Dy	+	>4	4–6 m	3	Aspirin (100 mg), clopidogrel (300 mg), hydration	−	0	0	DWI (-)

AChA-L, territory of left anterior choroidal artery; AP, atheromatous plaque; CD, current drinking; CS, current smoker; CTA, CT angiography; DM, diabetes mellitus; Dy, dyslipidaemia; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; Hy, hypertension; IL, infarct location; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NE, number of episodes; PP-R, right paramedian pontine; /, not available; y, years of age.

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of patients with capsular warning syndrome

	Tirofiban group N (%)	Non-tirofiban group N (%)
Male sex	11 (73.3)	6 (75.0)
Hypertension	9 (60)	5 (62.5)
Diabetes mellitus	0	2 (25.0)
Hypercholesterolaemia	11 (73.3)	6 (75.0)
Previous ischaemic stroke	0	0
Ischaemic heart disease	0	0
Atrial fibrillation	0	0
Peripheral vascular disease	0	0
Current alcohol use	10 (67.7)	3 (37.5)
Smoking	7 (46.7)	3 (37.5)
Previous antiplatelet therapy	2 (13.3)	0
Previous anticoagulant therapy	0	0
Previous antihypertensive therapy	4 (26.7)	0
Previous treatment with statins	2 (13.3)	0
Previous antiplatelet and statins therapy	2 (13.3)	0

Table 2

Demographics, risk factors, clinical history, and outcomes in tirofiban group

Patients	Sex/age (y)	Risk factors	Evidence of AP by CTA	NE before treatment	Duration of the episode	Maximum NIHSSs	Fluctuation after tirofiban	NIHSS at 24 hours	mRS at 3 months	IL on MRI
Group I
1	M/80	Hy, Dy, CS, CD	+	3	5–10 min	8	−	0	0	/
2	F/64	Hy, Dy	+	>7	30 min	6	−	2	0	PP-L
3	F/43	Hy, Dy	+	6	10–30 min	11	+	0	0	AChA-R
4	M/66	Hy, Dy, CD	+	6	60 min	3	−	1	1	PP-R
5	F/48	Hy, Dy	+	>9	2–10 min	14	−	0	0	AChA-R
6	M/79	CD	+	3	20–40 min	5	−	0	0	AChA-L
7	M/82	Hy, CS	+	7	1–2 min	8	−	0	0	AChA-L
8	M/60	CS, CD	+	5	10–30 min	8	−	0	0	AChA-R
9	F/62	Dy	+	>5	10–60 min	10	−	0	0	AChA-L
10	M/56	Dy, CS, CD	+	3	2–3 min	5	−	0	0	DWI (-)
11	M/51	Dy, CD	+	5	20 min	4	+	0	0	AChA-R
Group II
12	M/63	Hy, Dy, CS, CD	+	4	5–100 min	11	−	0	0	AChA-R
13	M/48	Hy, Dy, CS, CD	+	12	5–20 min	12	+	2	1	AChA-R
14	M/28	CS, CD	-	3	10 min	3	−	0	0	AChA-L
15	M/61	Hy, Dy, CD	+	4	10–60 min	11	+	8	2	AChA-R

AChA-L, territory of left anterior choroidal artery; AChA-R, territory of right anterior choroidal artery; AP, atheromatous plaque; CD, current drinking; CS, current smoker; CTA, CT angiography; DM, diabetes mellitus; Dy, dyslipidaemia; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; Hy, hypertension; IL, infarct location; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; NE, number of episodes; PP-L, left paramedian pontine; PP-R, right paramedian pontine; /, not available; y, years of age.

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