Baseline, imaging and treatment characteristics compared by recanalisation status and functional outcome
| Characteristics | Total (n=108) | Recanalisation | Functional outcome | ||||
| Successful (n=70) | Unsuccessful (n=38) | P value | Good (n=53) | Poor (n=55) | P value | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||
| Age (years), mean±SD | 61.44±10.74 | 60.59±11.25 | 63.03±9.67 | 0.261 | 59.64±11.09 | 63.18±10.20 | 0.087 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 89 (82.41%) | 56 (80.00%) | 33 (86.84%) | 0.269 | 43 (81.13%) | 46 (83.64%) | 0.804 |
| Time from symptom onset to imaging (min), median (IQR) | 354 (239, 530) | 294 (229, 481) | 423 (342, 602) | <0.001** | 318 (230, 480) | 381 (289, 592) | 0.103 |
| Prestroke mRS, median, n (%) | 0.208 | ||||||
| 0 | 96 (88.89%) | 60 (85.71%) | 36 (94.74%) | 44 (83.02%) | 52 (94.55%) | 0.543 | |
| 1 | 12 (11.11%) | 10 (14.29%) | 2 (5.26%) | 7 (13.21%) | 5 (9.09%) | ||
| Admission NIHSS, median (IQR) | 13 (10, 15) | 12 (9, 15) | 15 (11, 18) | 0.025* | 11 (7, 14) | 15 (12, 19) | <0.001** |
| Clinical risk factors | |||||||
| Hypertension | 69 (63.89%) | 43 (61.43%) | 26 (68.42%) | 0.306 | 33 (62.26%) | 36 (65.45%) | 0.842 |
| Diabetes mellietus | 27 (25.00%) | 19 (27.14%) | 8 (21.05%) | 0.324 | 15 (28.30%) | 12 (21.82%) | 0.508 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 44 (40.74%) | 29 (41.43%) | 15 (39.47%) | 0.505 | 19 (35.85%) | 25 (45.45%) | 0.334 |
| History of stroke or TIA | 22 (20.37%) | 14 (20.00%) | 8 (21.05%) | 0.542 | 11 (20.75%) | 11 (20%) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | 25 (23.15%) | 17 (24.29%) | 8 (21.05%) | 0.449 | 11 (20.75%) | 12 (21.82%) | 0.651 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 27 (25.00%) | 17 (24.29%) | 10 (26.32%) | 0.495 | 12 (22.64%) | 15 (27.27%) | 0.659 |
| Smoking | 53 (49.07%) | 34 (48.57%) | 19 (50.00%) | 0.524 | 25 (47.17%) | 28 (50.91%) | 0.705 |
| Alcohol | 38 (35.19%) | 26 (37.14%) | 12 (31.58%) | 0.359 | 18 (33.96%) | 20 (36.36%) | 0.842 |
| Treatment characteristics | |||||||
| Modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade, n (%) | <0.001** | <0.001** | |||||
| 0 | 4 (3.70%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (10.53%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (7.27%) | ||
| 1 | 7 (6.48%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (18.42%) | 2 (3.77%) | 5 (9.09%) | ||
| 2a | 19 (17.59%) | 1 (1.43%) | 18 (47.37%) | 3 (5.66%) | 16 (29.09%) | ||
| 2b | 27 (25.00%) | 21 (30.00%) | 6 (15.79%) | 14 (26.42%) | 13 (23.64%) | ||
| 3 | 51 (47.22%) | 48 (68.57%) | 3 (7.89%) | 34 (64.15%) | 17 (30.91%) | ||
| Imaging characteristics | |||||||
| ASPECTS, median (IQR) | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 8) | 7 (5, 7) | 0.877 | 7 (6, 8) | 6 (4, 7) | 0.227 |
| Collateral score, n (%) | 0.335 | 0.054 | |||||
| 0 | 6 (5.56%) | 2 (2.86%) | 4 (10.53%) | 1 (1.89%) | 5 (9.09%) | ||
| 1 | 62 (57.41%) | 40 (57.14%) | 22 (57.89%) | 27 (50.94%) | 35 (63.64%) | ||
| 2 | 38 (35.19%) | 26 (37.14%) | 12 (31.58%) | 23 (43.40%) | 15 (27.27%) | ||
| 3 | 2 (1.85%) | 2 (2.86%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.77%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Occlusion location | 0.854 | 0.865 | |||||
| M1, n (%) | 89 (82.41%) | 58 (82.86%) | 31 (81.58%) | 45 (84.91%) | 44 (80.00%) | ||
| M2, n (%) | 12 (11.11%) | 7 (10.00%) | 5 (13.16%) | 5 (9.43%) | 7 (12.73%) | ||
| M1+M2, n (%) | 7 (6.48%) | 5 (7.14%) | 2 (5.26%) | 3 (5.66%) | 4 (7.27%) | ||
| Clot burden score | 6 (6, 8) | 6 (6, 8) | 6 (6, 8) | 0.408 | 6 (6, 8) | 6 (6, 8) | 0.136 |
| Thrombus characteristics | |||||||
| TAI, HU | 13.382 (5.140, 25.650) | 14.670 (6.500, 31.582) | 9.295 (3.405, 16.746) | 0.020* | 14.070 (8.485, 31.043) | 11.083 (3.430, 20.630) | 0.099 |
| λHU | −2.442 (−2.880, –2.118) | −2.523 (−3.509, –2.177) | −2.388 (−2.537, –1.934) | 0.009** | −2.494 (−3.585, –2.190) | −2.392 (−2.637, –1.935) | 0.063 |
| Zeff | 8.376 (8.278, 8.507) | 8.400 (8.305, 8.681) | 8.355 (8.235, 8.410) | 0.006** | 8.397 (8.308, 8.691) | 8.363 (8.237, 8.438) | 0.050 |
| IC, mg/mL | 13.316 (11.915, 16.567) | 13.728 (12.165, 19.215) | 12.779 (10.502, 13.786) | 0.002** | 13.587 (12.293, 19.532) | 12.910 (10.800, 14.358) | 0.011* |
| NIC | 14.222 (11.698, 18.848) | 15.696 (13.135, 20.163) | 11.789 (10.340, 14.108) | <0.001** | 15.788 (13.532, 20.274) | 12.622 (10.414, 15.433) | <0.001** |
P values in bold indicate statistical significance.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01.
ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score; IC, iodine concentration; ICA, internal carotid artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; NIC, normalised iodine concentration; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; TAI, thrombus attenuation increase; Zeff, effective atomic number; λHU, slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve.