Clinical characteristics of the study population
| Characteristic | Total (n=132) | LAA (n=42) | CE (n=54) | SUE (n=36) |
| Age, years, mean (±SD) | 65.3±13.1 | 62.4±11.5 | 70.5±11.8 | 60.8±14.4 |
| Female, n (%) | 45 (34.1) | 6 (14.3) | 33 (61.1) | 6 (16.7) |
| Vascular risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 56 (42.4) | 0 (0.0) | 51 (94.4) | 5 (13.9) |
| Hypertension | 80 (60.6) | 23 (54.8) | 36 (66.7) | 21 (58.3) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 38 (28.8) | 14 (33.3) | 12 (22.2) | 12 (33.3) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 71 (53.8) | 31 (73.8) | 24 (44.4) | 16 (44.4) |
| History of stroke or TIA | 26 (19.7) | 11 (26.2) | 11 (20.4) | 4 (11.1) |
| Smoking | 49 (37.1) | 23 (54.8) | 13 (24.1) | 13 (36.1) |
| Coronary heart disease | 39 (29.5) | 7 (16.7) | 24 (44.4) | 8 (22.2) |
| Valvular heart disease | 10 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (16.7) | 1 (2.8) |
| Patent foramen ovale | 4 (3.0) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (5.6) |
| Oral anticoagulation at baseline | 29 (22.0) | 0 (0.0) | 23 (42.6) | 6 (16.7) |
| Antiplatelet therapy at baseline | 22 (16.7) | 8 (19.0) | 8 (14.8) | 6 (16.7) |
| IV tPA | 54 (40.9) | 15 (35.7) | 21 (38.9) | 18 (50.0) |
| NIHSS score on admission, median (IQR) | 17.5 (12.25–23.0) | 15.5 (10.0, 29.0) | 18.0 (13.0, 21.0) | 17.5 (13.5, 23.75) |
| Occlusion site, n (%) | ||||
| ICA/MCA | 95(72) | 23 (54.8) | 47 (87.0) | 25 (69.4) |
| VA/BA | 37 (28) | 19 (45.2) | 7 (13.0) | 11 (30.6) |
| Thrombus components | ||||
| RBC, mean, % (±SD) | 40.97±19.43 | 51.19±21.12 | 38.21±15.41 | 33.19±18.22 |
| F+P, mean, % (±SD) | 51.46±19.10 | 39.95±19.37 | 55.37±15.18 | 59.04±18.30 |
| WBC, median, % (IQR) | 6.88 (3.62–10.21) | 7.61 (4.36–12.35) | 5.86 (2.85–8.58) | 8.18 (3.62, 10.82) |
| CD3, median, cell/mm2 (IQR) | 20.64 (7.61–42.11) | 19.39 (6.45, 45.16) | 20.64 (9.12, 34.91) | 25.17 (6.08, 64.61) |
| NETs, median, % (IQR) | 1.03 (0.20–3.29) | 0.86 (0.18, 2.34) | 1.07 (0.17, 3.94) | 1.16 (0.32, 5.53） |
| Procedural outcome, median (IQR) | ||||
| Puncture-to-recanalisation time | 60 (40–87.8) | 72.0 (53.75, 116.75) | 50.5 (37.0, 85.0) | 53.5 (42.5, 83.75) |
| No of manoeuvres | 2 (1–2) | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0,2.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) |
| Final mTICI score, n (%) | ||||
| 0–2 a | 11 (8.3) | 4 (9.5) | 3 (5.6) | 4 (11.1) |
| 2b–3 | 121 (91.7) | 38 (90.5) | 51 (94.4) | 32 (88.9) |
| First-pass effect, n (%) | 53 (40.2) | 19 (45.2) | 21 (38.9) | 13 (36.1) |
| Clinical outcome, n (%) | ||||
| Any haemorrhage events | 51 (38.6) | 14 (33.3) | 23 (42.6) | 14 (38.9) |
| Parenchymal haemorrhage | 32 (24.2) | 9 (21.4) | 14 (25.9) | 9 (25.0) |
| NIHSS score at discharge, median (IQR) | 11 (5–31.8) | 9.0 (3.0, 33.0) | 12.5 (4.0, 29.75) | 10.5 (5.25, 31.0) |
| 90d mRS, median (IQR) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (1.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (2.0, 5.0) |
| 90d mRS, (0–2), n (%) | 55 (41.7) | 19 (45.2) | 23 (42.6) | 13 (36.1) |
| Mortality within 90 days | 23 (17.4) | 7 (16.7) | 9 (16.7) | 7 (19.4) |
CE, cardiogenic embolism; F+P, fibrin and platelet; ICA, internal carotid artery; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin scale; mTICI, Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; NIHSS, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; RBC, red blood cell; SUE, stroke of undetermined aetiology; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; IV tPA, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator; VA/BA, vertebral artery/basilar artery; WBC, white blood cell.