Table 1

Study characteristics of the 19 primary studies included in this systematic review

Study	Country	Patient inclusion criteria	Anterior/ posterior circulation	Number of cases	Source images and CFD model setup	Haemodynamic parameters in CFD model
Correlations with anatomical characteristics of the sICAS lesions in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies
Nam et al 15	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	56	CTA-based generic steady model	PR, SSR ratio, velocity ratio
Liu et al 11	China	70%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	11	CTA-based patient-specific transient model	PR
Zhang et al 16	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	40	TOF-MRA-based generic transient model	PR, WSSR
Lan et al 13	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	39	CTA-based generic steady model	rWSS measures
Correlations with collateral and perfusion status in cross-sectional studies
Leng et al 17	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	85	CTA-based generic steady model	Pressure gradient
Lan et al 18	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	83	CTA-based generic steady model	PR
Wang et al 19	China	30%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	18	Biplane DSA-based patient-specific steady model	PR
Raynald et al 12	China	50%–70% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	20	CTA-based patient-specific transient model	Pressure, velocity
Yin et al 10	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	10	CTA-based generic transient model	PR
Correlations with stroke mechanisms in cross-sectional studies
Feng et al 21	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	99	CTA-based generic steady model	PR, WSSR
Li et al 22	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	84	CTA-based generic steady model	PR
Correlations with cerebral small vessel disease in cross-sectional study
Zheng et al 24	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	112	CTA-based generic steady model	PR, WSSR
Correlations with the risk of stroke recurrence in medically treated patients with sICAS
Leng et al 14	China	70%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	32	CTA-based generic steady model	PR, SSR ratio, velocity ratio
Leng et al 7	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	245	CTA-based generic steady model	PR, WSSR
Tian et al 25	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	245	CTA-based generic steady model	PR, WSSR
Feng et al 26	China	50%–99% sICAS	Anterior and posterior circulations	157	CTA-based generic steady model	PR
Correlations with functional outcome in patients with sICAS receiving acute reperfusion therapy
Wu et al 27	China	Patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis or acute endovascular treatment with 50%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	120	TOF-MRA-based patient-specific steady model	PR, WSSR
Changes of the haemodynamic parameters in sICAS with stenting treatment
Zhang et al 28	China	70%–99% sICAS	Anterior circulation	51	3DRA-based generic transient model	Pressure, velocity, vorticity, WSS
Zhou et al 29	China	70%–99% sICAS	Posterior circulation	62	3DRA-based generic transient model	Pressure, velocity, vorticity, WSS

CFD, computational fluid dynamics; CTA, CT angiography; 3DRA, three-dimensional rotational angiography; DSA, digital subtraction angiography; PR, pressure ratio; rWSS, relative wall shear stress; sICAS, symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis; SSR, shear strain rate; TOF-MRA, time-of-flight MR angiography; WSSR, wall shear stress ratio.