Baseline characteristics and outcomes in training and testing sets
| Training data (n=592) | Testing data (n=250) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 61.4 (13.0) | 60.3 (12.7) | 0.260 |
| Male, n (%) | 383 (64.7) | 158 (63.2) | 0.738 |
| Admission NIHSS, median (IQR) | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–10) | 0.992 |
| Admission GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.828 |
| ODT (hours), mean (SD) | 8.68 (10.3) | 8.68 (10.3) | 1.000 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 450 (76.0) | 192 (76.8) | 0.876 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 43 (17.2) | 91 (15.4) | 0.576 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 8 (1.35) | 9 (3.60) | 0.064 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 25 (4.22) | 8 (3.20) | 0.614 |
| Previous intracerebral haemorrhage, n (%) | 47 (7.94) | 14 (5.60) | 0.293 |
| AIS/TIA, n (%) | 56 (9.46) | 29 (11.6) | 0.414 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 17 (2.87) | 15 (6.00) | 0.049 |
| Antiplatelet use, n (%) | 61 (10.3) | 25 (10.0) | 0.993 |
| Statin use, n (%) | 44 (7.43) | 17 (6.80) | 0.859 |
| Smoke, n (%) | 191 (32.3) | 85 (34.0) | 0.682 |
| Drink, n (%) | 196 (33.1) | 71 (28.4) | 0.208 |
| INR, mean (SD) | 1.02 (0.39) | 1.00 (0.09) | 0.413 |
| Platelet (×109/L), mean (SD) | 199 (64.7) | 206 (68.6) | 0.180 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L), mean (SD) | 138 (16.6) | 139 (16.4) | 0.413 |
| White blood cell (×109/L), mean (SD) | 8.50 (2.90) | 8.36 (2.67) | 0.487 |
| Total cholesterol (μmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.71 (1.04) | 4.65 (1.02) | 0.389 |
| LDL-cholesterol (μmol/L), mean (SD) | 2.48 (0.78) | 2.46 (0.69) | 0.661 |
| FBG (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 6.14 (1.93) | 6.56 (2.62) | 0.024 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L), mean (SD) | 283 (104) | 284 (106) | 0.958 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L), mean (SD) | 74.8 (98.4) | 83.2 (121) | 0.334 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 6 (0.8) | 2 (1.01) | 1.000 |
| Severe pneumonia, n (%) | 8 (1.35) | 4 (1.60) | 0.757 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 9 (1.52) | 4 (1.60) | 1.000 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 21 (3.55) | 14 (5.60) | 0.240 |
| OMT (day), mean (SD) | 5.39 (3.01) | 5.34 (2.88) | 0.794 |
| Haematoma volume (mL), mean (SD) | 12.8 (13.3) | 12.6 (12.7) | 0.870 |
| Haematoma location, n (%) | 0.664 | ||
| Lobar | 116 (19.6) | 47 (18.8) | |
| Deep | 396 (66.9) | 157 (62.8) | |
| Cerebellum | 38 (6.42) | 21 (8.40) | |
| Brainstem | 49 (8.28) | 29 (11.6) | |
| Intraventricular extension, n (%) | 160 (27.0) | 74 (29.6) | 0.498 |
| Subarachnoid extension, n (%) | 51 (8.61) | 23 (9.20) | 0.888 |
| Cerebral microbleeds, mean (SD) | |||
| Lobar | 3.56 (9.39) | 3.30 (10.1) | 0.729 |
| Deep | 2.73 (5.24) | 2.62 (4.28) | 0.742 |
| Cerebellum | 0.55 (1.66) | 0.74 (2.70) | 0.285 |
| Brainstem | 0.75 (1.71) | 0.62 (1.47) | 0.259 |
| Total | 7.59 (14.3) | 7.28 (14.6) | 0.780 |
| Cortical superficial siderosis, n (%) | 114 (19.3) | 41 (16.4) | 0.379 |
| PWMH, n (%) | 0.360 | ||
| None | 223 (37.7) | 90 (36.0) | |
| Fazekas I | 144 (24.3) | 63 (25.2) | |
| Fazekas II | 111 (18.8) | 58 (23.2) | |
| Fazekas III | 114 (19.3) | 39 (15.6) | |
| DWMH, n (%) | 0.792 | ||
| None | 275 (46.5) | 115 (46.0) | |
| Fazekas I | 174 (29.4) | 81 (32.4) | |
| Fazekas II | 86 (14.5) | 33 (13.2) | |
| Fazekas III | 57 (9.63) | 21 (8.40) | |
| PEPVS, n (%) | 0.275 | ||
| None | 368 (62.2) | 162 (64.8) | |
| 1–10 | 158 (26.7) | 63 (25.2) | |
| 11–20 | 39 (6.59) | 20 (8.00) | |
| Over 20 | 27 (4.56) | 5 (2.00) | |
| DEPVS, n (%) | 0.432 | ||
| None | 203 (34.3) | 94 (37.6) | |
| 1–10 | 252 (42.6) | 92 (36.8) | |
| 11–20 | 87 (14.7) | 38 (15.2) | |
| Over 20 | 50 (8.45) | 26 (10.4) | |
| Aetiology, n (%) | 0.943 | ||
| Amyloid angiopathy | 94 (15.9) | 38 (15.2) | |
| Hypertension | 380 (64.2) | 160 (64.0) | |
| Undetermined | 118 (19.9) | 52 (20.8) | |
| Death, n (%) | 61 (10.3) | 25 (10.0) | 0.993 |
| Recurrent ICH, n (%) | 41 (6.93) | 21 (8.40) | 0.546 |
| Follow-up time (days), median (IQR) | 36 (12–51) | 36 (12–49) | 0.945 |
AIS, acute ischaemic stroke; DEPVS, deep enlarged perivascular spaces; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensities; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; INR, international normalised ratio; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ODT, onset to door time; OMT, onset to MRI time; PEPVS, periventricular enlarged perivascular spaces; PWMH, periventricular white matter hyperintensities; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.