Neuroimaging findings on hospital admission (post-treatment) and at days 2–4
| Outcome | Admission | acOR/aOR/aDIM (95% CI) | P value | Days 2–4 | acOR/aOR/aDIM (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| N | GTN N=298 | Sham N=295 | N | GTN N=260 | Sham N=259 | |||||
| Scan (%) | ||||||||||
| CT | 593 | 298 (100) | 294 (>99) | – | – | 519 | 223 (86) | 226 (87) | 0.88 (0.53, 1.46) | 0.62 |
| MRI | 593 | 0 (0) | 1 (<1) | – | – | 519 | 37 (14) | 33 (13) | 1.14 (0.69, 1.88) | 0.62 |
| Onset to scan (hours) | 589 | 2.1 [1.6,3.2] | 2.2 [1.6,3] | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.34) | 0.91 | 516 | 27.4 [25.3,31.1] | 28 [25.6,35.6] | 0.77 (0.57, 1.04) | 0.085 |
| Normal scan* | 593 | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | – | – | 519 | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Prestroke | ||||||||||
| Atrophy | 590 | 278 (94) | 285 (97) | 0.57 (0.26 to 1.27) | 0.17 | |||||
| PVL | 589 | 141 (48) | 140 (48) | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.39) | 0.97 | |||||
| Old vascular lesion(s) | 590 | 238 (81) | 227 (77) | 1.25 (0.84 to 1.86) | 0.27 | |||||
| ‘Brain frailty’ score(/3) | 593 | 2 [2,3] | 2 [2,3] | 1.03 (0.76 to 1.39) | 0.84 | |||||
| SVD score (/2) | 593 | 1 [0,1] | 1 [0,1] | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) | 0.67 | |||||
| Lesion | ||||||||||
| Location (%) | ||||||||||
| MCA | 199 | 96 (92) | 85 (89) | 1.41 (0.53 to 3.74) | 0.49 | 384 | 175 (90) | 169 (89) | 1.14 (0.59, 2.20) | 0.69 |
| ACA | 199 | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | – | – | 384 | 10 (5) | 10 (5) | 0.98 (0.40, 2.41) | 0.96 |
| PCA | 199 | 3 (3) | 7 (7) | 0.37 (0.09 to 1.49) | 0.16 | 384 | 11 (6) | 11 (6) | 0.98 (0.41, 2.31) | 0.96 |
| Lacunar | 199 | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | – | 384 | 8 (4) | 1 (1) | 8.13 (1.01, 65.64) | 0.049 | |
| Cerebellum or brainstem | 199 | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.91 (0.13 to 6.60) | 0.93 | 384 | 3 (2) | 7 (4) | 0.41 (0.10, 1.61) | 0.20 |
| Infarct size (%) | 590 | 1.15 (0.82 to 1.61) | 0.41 | 516 | 1.07 (0.78, 1.46) | 0.68 | ||||
| Very large | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 7 (3) | 5 (2) | ||||||
| Large | 9 (3) | 7 (2) | 41 (16) | 34 (13) | ||||||
| Medium | 34 (12) | 29 (10) | 54 (21) | 64 (25) | ||||||
| Small | 61 (21) | 58 (20) | 92 (36) | 85 (33) | ||||||
| None visible | 191 (65) | 200 (68) | 65 (25) | 69 (27) | ||||||
| Infarct expansion (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 511 | 144 (57) | 143 (56) | 1.04 (0.74, 1.48) | 0.81 |
| Degree of ischaemic change (0–2) | 587 | 0 [0,1] | 0 [0,1] | 1.13 (0.81 to 1.59) | 0.47 | 507 | 2 [0,2] | 2 [0,2] | 1.03 (0.71, 1.49) | 0.89 |
| ASPECTS (/12) | 191 | 10 [8, 11] | 10 [9, 11] | 0.64 (0.38 to 1.07) | 0.090 | 355 | 9 [6, 10] | 9 [7, 10] | 0.89 (0.62, 1.29) | 0.55 |
| Infarct swelling (%) | 590 | 68 (23) | 56 (19) | 1.28 (0.86 to 1.90) | 0.23 | 518 | 144 (56) | 149 (58) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.31) | 0.66 |
| Mass effect (/6) | 590 | 0 [0,0] | 0 [0,0] | 1.3 (0.87 to 1.93) | 0.20 | 518 | 1 [0,2] | 1 [0,2] | 0.96 (0.7, 1.32) | 0.80 |
| Hyperdense artery (%) | 400 | 78 (40) | 70 (34) | 1.27 (0.84 to 1.90) | 0.26 | 437 | 36 (16) | 33 (15) | 1.10 (0.66, 1.85) | 0.71 |
| Arteries sum (0–7) | 593 | 0 [0,0] | 0 [0,0] | 0.93 (0.52 to 1.66) | 0.79 | 519 | 0 [0,0] | 0 [0,0) | 0.49 (0.09, 2.7) | 0.41 |
| Post-alteplase HTI (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 281 | 5 (3) | 11 (8) | 0.38 (0.13, 1.13) | 0.082 |
| Post-thrombectomy HTI (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 24 | 0 (0) | 1 (6) | – | – |
| CTA | ||||||||||
| LVO (%) | ||||||||||
| ICA | 93 | 8 (17) | 3 (6) | 3.09 (0.76 to 12.47) | 0.11 | 5 | 2 (50) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| MCA M1 (main stem) | 93 | 7 (15) | 10 (21) | 0.66 (0.23 to 1.93) | 0.45 | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| MCA M2 (sylvian branch) | 93 | 9 (20) | 9 (19) | 1.03 (0.37 to 2.87) | 0.96 | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| PCA | 93 | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | – | – | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| ACA | 93 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| VA | 93 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| BA | 93 | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | – | – | 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
| mTICI score (0–5) | 93 | 0.5 (0,3) | 1 (0,3) | 0.84 (0.39 to 1.78) | 0.64 | 5 | 0.5 (0,1.5) | 0(0,0) | – | – |
| Mori scale (0–6) | 93 | 0.5 (0,3) | 1 (0,3) | 0.8 (0.38 to 1.71) | 0.57 | 5 | 0.5 (0,1.5) | 0 (0,0) | – | – |
| Clot burden (0–10) | 93 | 0.5 (0,7) | 1 (0,8) | 0.92 (0.43 to 1.95) | 0.83 | 5 | 1.5 (0,5) | 0 (0,0) | – | – |
| Arteries sum (0–7) | 93 | 1 (0,2) | 1 (0,3) | 0.76 (0.36 to 1.62) | 0.48 | 5 | 0.5 (0,1) | 0 (0,0) | – | – |
| Collateral status (0–3) | 93 | 0 (0,2) | 0 (0,2) | 0.82 (0.38 to 1.78) | 0.62 | 5 | 0.5 (0,2) | 0 (0,0) | – | – |
Data are number (%), mean (SD) or median (IQR), and acOR, aOR or aDIM, with 95% CI. Comparison by binary logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, ordinal logistic regression or multiple linear regression, with adjustment for age, sex, premorbid mRS, FAST, pretreatment systolic BP and time to randomisation (unless stated).
*Normal scan = no acute or chronic changes seen / no abnormality seen.
ACA, anterior cerebral artery; acOR, adjusted common OR; aDIM, adjusted difference in means; aOR, adjusted OR; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score; BA, basilar artery; BP, blood pressure; CTA, CT angiography; FAST, Face-Arm-Speech-Time; HTI, haemorrhagic transformation of infarct; ICA, internal carotid artery; LVO, large vessel occlusion; MCA, middle cerebral artery; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; mTICI, modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; PCA, posterior cerebral artery; PVL, periventricular lucencies; SVD, small vessel disease; VA, vertebral artery.