Table 4

Timeliness of acute stroke evaluation and treatment by EMS use

	EMS	No EMS	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)	P value
Overall (n=3555)
Door to imaging time in min, mean (SD)	91 (254)	165 (272)	−74 (−92 to −56)†	<0.001	−58 (−74 to −42)‡	<0.001
Door to imaging time≤25 min	829/2417 (34.3%)	126/1137 (11.1%)	4.19 (3.42 to 5.13)	<0.001	2.74 (1.40 to 5.38)	0.003
tPA treatment rate	552/2417 (22.8%)	52/1138 (4.6%)	6.18 (4.61 to 8.29)	<0.001	4.61 (3.52 to 6.03)	<0.001
tPA arrival by 2 hours and treatment by 3 hours	444/1343 (33.1%)	34/244 (13.9%)	3.05 (2.09 to 4.46)	<0.001	2.25 (1.92 to 2.62)	<0.001
tPA arrival by 3.5 hours and treatment by 4.5 hours	539/1696 (31.8%)	50/427 (11.7%)	3.51 (2.57 to 4.80)	<0.001	2.55 (2.10 to 3.10)	<0.001
Among patients received tPA (n=600)
Door to imaging time in min, mean (SD)	26 (16)	35 (16)	−9 (−13 to −4)†	<0.001	−8 (−13 to −4)‡	<0.001
Door to imaging time≤25 min	282/549 (51.4%)	15/51 (29.4%)	2.53 (1.36 to 4.74)	0.003	2.51 (1.38 to 4.58)	0.002
DTN in min, mean (SD)	66 (28)	77 (27)	−11 (−19 to −3)†	0.008	−11 (−19 to −3) ‡	0.006
DTN≤60 min	289/549 (52.6%)	15/51 (29.4%)	2.67 (1.43 to 4.98)	0.002	2.58 (1.35 to 4.92)	0.004
DTN≤45 min	127/549 (23.1%)	2/51 (3.9%)	7.37 (1.77 to 30.7)	0.006	8.03 (1.63 to 39.5)	0.01

P values are based on logistics regression models with the generalised estimating equations for adjusted OR, and linear regression models with the generalised estimating equations for adjusted mean differences.
*Adjusted for age, sex, ethnic group, previous stroke/TIA, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation/flutter, valvular heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, hyperlipidaemia, smoker, Office-hour arrival and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
†Unadjusted mean differences.
‡Adjusted mean differences.
DTN, door to needle; EMS, emergency medical services; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.