Summary of trials for anticoagulant reversal and haemorrhage treatment
| Trial | Anticoagulant | Anticoagulant reversal | Primary endpoint | Results |
| INCH25 | VKA | PCC, FFP | Percentage of patients with INR <1.3 within 3 hours of treatment | PCC (vs FFP) had a higher rate of INR reversal |
| UPRATE42–44 | Rivaroxaban, apixaban | 4F-PCC | Haemostasis rate | 4F-PCC reverses apixaban and rivaroxaban associated bleeding |
| REVERSE-AD43 | Dabigatran | Idarucizumab | Percentage reversal at 4 hours | Idarucizumab reverses the effect of dabigatran for most patients (93%) within minutes |
| ANNEXA-444 | Rivaroxaban, apixaban | Andexanet alfa | Change in anti-Xa activity at 12 hours | 80% of those with DOAC associated ICH achieved excellent or good haemostasis 12 hours after andexanet alfa |
| SPOTLIGHT and STOP-IT46 | … | rFVIIa | Parenchymal ICH volume expansion on head CT at 24 hours | rFVIIa does not improve radiographic findings |
DOAC, direct-acting oral anticoagulant; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; INR, international normalised ratio; PCC, prothrombin complex concentrate; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.