Summary of ARUBA and studies evaluating outcome in ARUBA-eligible patients
| Authors, year | Patients (% LG*) | Intervention | Design | Mean follow-up | Stroke/death (%) | mRS ≥2 (%) |
| ARUBA | ||||||
| Mohr et al, 201410 | 223 (61) 114 Int 109 Obs | MS (4%) EE (26%) Radiosurgery (27%) MS+EE (11%) | Prospective, multicentre | 2.8 years | 30.7 10.1 | 46.2 15.1 |
| Microsurgery | ||||||
| Javadpour et al, 201647 | 34 (71) | MS (77%) MS+EE (23%) | Retrospective, single centre | 5.8 years (median) | 0.0 | 6.0 (at 6 months) |
| Schramm et al, 201735 | 104 (61) | MS | Retrospective, single centre | 5.3 years | 7.7† | 10.4 |
| Wong et al, 201736 | 155 (76) | MS (72%) MS+EE (25%) | Retrospective, single centre | 3.0 years | – | 4.5‡ |
| Radiosurgery | ||||||
| Pollock et al, 201339 | 174 (49) | GKRS (96%) GKRS+MS (4%) | Retrospective, single centre | 5.3 years (median) | 10.3 | 9.2 |
| Ding et al, 201640 | 509 (46) | GKRS | Retrospective, multicentre | 7.2 years | 13.0§ | – |
| Karlsson et al, 201838 | 1351 | GKRS | Retrospective, multicentre | 6.5 years | 9.8¶ | – |
| Tonetti et al, 201842 | 233 (44) | GKRS | Retrospective, single centre | 8.4 years | 14.0 | – |
| Endovascular embolization | ||||||
| Singfer et al, 201743 | 61 (51) | EE onyx (41%) EE+Linac (57%) | Retrospective, single centre | 5.0 years (median) | 19.7 | 23.0 |
| Multi-modal therapy | ||||||
| Rutledge et al, 201423 | 74 (49) 61 Int 13 Obs | MS (33%) MS+EE (38%) GKRS (25%) | Retrospective, single centre | 2.4 years | 7.7 14.8 | 7.7 13.8 |
| Nerva et al, 201544 | 61 (51) | MS (5%) MS+EE (46%) GKRS (38%) | Retrospective, single centre | 2.1 years | 16.0† | 13.0 |
| Lang et al, 201845 | 105 (44) | MS (13%) MS+EE (27%) GKRS (49%) | Retrospective, single centre | 3.6 years | 7.6 | – |
*Spetzler-Martin grade I or II.
†Permanent new significant deficit.
‡Permanent new disabling deficit (mRS ≥3).
§Adverse neurological outcome: symptomatic radiation changes, permanent neurological morbidity, seizure or death.
¶Haemorrhage or any symptomatic complication causing permanent morbidity or mortality.
ARUBA, A Randomized trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations; EE, endovascular embolisation; GKRS, gamma-knife radiosurgery; Int, intervention; LG, low grade; Linac, linear accelerator; mRS, modified Rankin scale; MS, microsurgery; Obs, observation; RadioTx, radiotherapy.